بررسی روش‌های کاربرد نیتروکسین و نیتروژن بر عملکرد و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی ذرت دانه‌ای (L. zea mays) رقم سینگل کراس 704
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
سهی طالعی
1
(گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
مانی مجدم
2
(گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
کلید واژه: ذرت, عملکرد دانه, کود نیتروژن, شاخص کلروفیل, کود نیتروکسین,
چکیده مقاله :
به‌منظور بررسی روش های کاربرد نیتروکسین و نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت دانه ای رقم سینگل کراس 704، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 94-1393در شهرستان اهواز به‌صورت کرت های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجراء گردید. تیــمارهای مورد مطالعه در آزمایش شامل، کود نیتروژن خالص در چهار سطح (100 درصد: N1، 75 درصد: N2، 50 درصد: N3، 25 درصد: N4) 100 درصد نیتروژن خالص (معادل 180 کیلوگرم در هکتار)به‌عنوان فاکتور اصلی و روش کاربرد نیتروکسین در دو سطح (بذر مال: B1 و همراه با آب آبیاری: B2)به‌عنوان فاکتور فرعی بود. نتایج نشان داد که تیمار کود نیتروژن باعث افزایش معنی دار عملکرد دانه و صفات فیزیولوژیکی گردید. بیشترین عملکرد دانه از تیمار 75 درصد کود نیتروژن و کمترین از تیمار 25 درصد کود نیتروژن بدست آمد. همچنین اثر روش کاربرد نیتروکسین تأثیر معنی‌داری بر عملکرد، کلروفیل a وb و کارایی مصرف و کارایی زراعی نیتروژن نشان نداد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه از تیمار B1بذر مال به‌دست آمد. در این تحقیق روش کاربرد کود زیستی نیتروکسین تأثیر معنی‌داری بر صفات آزمایش نشان نداد اما مصرف این کود زیستی در کنار کودهای شیمیایی نیتروژن، توانست علاوه بر تولید محصول کافی و بهبود کارایی جذب نیتروژن، مصرف کود شیمیایی نیتروژن را به میزان 25 درصد کاهش دهد.
To evaluate the application methods of nitroxin and nitrogen fertilizers on yield and physiological traits of maize (SC 704), a field experiment was carried out in Ahvaz based on a split plot randomized complete block design with three replications during 2013-2014. The treatments included four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (N1:100%, N2: 75%, N3:50%, N4: 25%) pure nitrogen (equivalent to 180 kg per hectare) as the main factor and nitroxin biological fertilizer application method at two levels (seed inoculation B1 and with irrigation water B2) as the secondary factor. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased grain yield and physiological traits. The highest and lowest grain yields were obtained in 75% and 25% nitrogen treatments respectively. The biological fertilizer, nitroxin, had a significant impact on performance, chlorophyll a and b, efficiency, and NAE. The highest grain yield was recorded in B1 (seed treatment). In this study, while method of application of nitroxin showed no significant effect on the traits under study, the combined use of bio-fertilizer with N fertilizer, in addition to producing sufficient crop and improving nitrogen uptake efficiency, could reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizer by 25 percent.
Anbessa, Y. and Juskiw, P. (2014). Nitrogen fertilizer rate and cultivar interaction effects on nitrogen recovery, utilization efficiency, and agronomic performance of spring Barley. International Scholarly Research Network ISRN Agronomy. P: 8.
Arnon, D. (1975). Copper enzymes increased insolated chloroplast polyphenoxidase increased Beta vulgaris L. Plant Physiolgy. 45: 1-15.
Asadi kopal, S. and Eesazadeh Lzrjan, S. (2009). Nitroxin impact of bio-fertilizer and soil on plant growth and yield of rice. The first regional conference of soil and water resources management and its role in agriculture. Islamic Azad University of Ghods.
Azatahmadi, M. (1996). The effect of different levels and timing of nitrogen fertilizer on spring wheat yield in Tabriz environmental conditions. Master's thesis. School of Agriculture. Tabriz University.p. 176.
Cox, W.J. and Cherney, D.J.R. (2001). Row spacing, plant density and nitrogen effects on corn silage. Agronomy Journal. 93: 597-602.
Dobermann, A.R (2005). Nitrogen use efficiency state of the Art. University of Nebraska Lincoln Digital Commons, University of Nebraska - Lincoln.
Doyle, A.D. and Holford, I.C.R (2005). The uptake of nitrogen by wheat , its agronomic efficiency and their relationship to soil and nitrogen fertilizer. Austoralia Journal Agri. Research. 44: 1245-1258.
Fajeria N.K. (1995). Increased in yield of agronomy plants. Translation with Hashemi Dezfuli, A., Kuchaki, A., and Bannayan Aval, M. Mashahd University. p. 287.
Hamidi, A., Ghalavand, A., Dehghan shoar, M., Malakoti, M. and Asgharzadeh, A. (2006). The effects of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR) on yield of forage maize. Research and Development in Agriculture and Horticulture. 70: 16-22.
Hamidi, A., Chokan, R., Asghar Zadeh, A., Dehghan shoaar, M., ghalavand, A. and Malakoti, M.J. (2006). The effect of use bacterial growth promoting (PGPR) on the phenology of late maturitu hybrid. Iranian Journal of Crop Science. 11:270-249.
Hamzehei, G. and Sarmadi, H. (2011). Effects of biological and chemical fertilizers on yield, yield components, agronomic efficiency and nitrogen uptake of corn. Plant Production Technology.10(2): 25-31.
James, A. (1991). Plant and Cell Physiology them. Translation critical M c. Van. Habili. p. 581.
Jeffery, V. and Gyles, R. (2003). Controlled release urea as a nitrogen source of corn in southern Minnesota. Annual Report to Agrium U.S. Inc.
Kader, M.A., Main, M.H. and Hoque, M.S. (2002). Effects of Azotobacter inoculant on the yield and nitrogen uptake by wheat. Journal Biology Science. 2: 259-261.
Lak, Sh., Naderi, A., Siadat, S.A., Ayenehband, A. and Noormohamadi, Gh. (2007). Effects of water stress on yield and nitrogen use efficiency in corn single cross 704 different levels of nitrogen and plant density. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 14(2): 1-14.
Lindquist, J.L., Arkebauer, J.T, Walters, T.D., Cassman, G.K. and Dobermann, A. (2005). Maize radiation use efficiency under optimal growth conditions. Agronomy Journal. 97:72- 78.
Mahbubul Alam, M., Mainul Basher, M.D., Karim, A. andRafiquel Islam, M. (2015). Effect of rate of nitrogen fertilizer and population density on the Yield and Yield attributes of maize (Zea mays). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 6(20):1770-1773.
Mandal, S.S., Goswami, S.B. and Pradhan, B.K. (1990). Yield and yield attributes of sesame as influenced by potassium nutrition and plant density. Indian Agriculturalists. 34:99-100.
Mirshekari, B., Baser, S. and Javanshir, A. (2009). Nitragin and the impact of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on physiological and biological yield of maize hybrid 704 in cold semi-arid regions. New Findings in Agriculture. 3(4):403-411.
Moser, S.M., Feil, B., Jampatong, S. and Stamp, P. (2006). Effects of pre-anthesis drouth, nitrogen fertilizer rate, and variety on grain yield, yield components, and harvest index of tropical maize. Agriculture Water Management, 81:41-58.
Nemati, A.R. and Seyed Sharifi, R. (2012). Effects of rates and nitrogen application timing on yield, agronomic characterstics and nitrogen use efficiency in corn. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. 4(9): 534-539.
Oikeh, S.O., Itling, J.G. and Okoruwa, A.E. (2007). Nitrogen fertilizer management effects on maize grain quality in the west African moist savanna. Crop Science. 38: 1056 -1061.
Payegozar, Y. (2008). Effect of foliar application of micro nutrient son quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pearl millet under drought stress. Master's thesis, Department of Agriculture, University of Zabol.
Reed, A.J., Sigletary, G.W., Shussler, J.R. and Williamson, D.R. (1988). Shading effects on dry matter andnitrogen partitioning, kernel number and yield of maize. Crop Science. 28: 819-825.
Robert, G.Y. and Turner, R.E. (2007). Effect of atomic ratios and nitrate limitation on nitrate uptake. Limnology and Oceanography. 58:294-301.
Sarkhosh, A. and Abotalebian, M. (2013). Nitrogen use efficiency, yield and some agronomic characteristics of corn seed priming and time of nitrogen application. Journal of Crops. 15(3): 138-117.
Shakeri, H., Aminidehaghi, M., Tabatabaei, A. and Modaresmosavi, A.M. (2012). The effects of chemical and biological fertilizer on yield, yield components, oil and protein content of sesame varieties.Journal of Agricultural and Sustainable Production. 22(1):83-71.
Sharifi, M., Mirzakhani, M. and Sajedi, N. (2011). Nitroxin the effect of nitrogen and manure on yield, nitrogen use efficiency traits and some sweet corn. New Findings in Agriculture. 6(2): 15-24.
Shata, S.M., Mahmoud, A. and Siam, S. (2007). Improving calcareous soil productivity by integrated effect of intercropping and fertilizer. Reacerch Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences. 3(6): 733-739.
Svecnjak, Z. and Rengel, Z. (2013). Nitrogen utilization efficiency in canola cultivars at grain harvest. Plant and Soil. 283: 229-307.
Vukovic , I., Mesic, M., Zgorelec, Z., Jurisis, A. and Saiko, K. (2008) . Nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat . VII . Alps – Adria Scientific Workshop. Stara Lesna, Slovakia. P: 1199-1202.
Wu, S.C. Cao, Z.H. and Li, Z.G. (2005). Effect of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth: A green housetrial. Geoderma. 125: 155-166.
Yasari, E. and Patwardhan, A.M. (2007). Effects of Aztobacter and Azospirillum inoculations and chemical fertilizers on growth and productivity of Canola .Asian Journal Plant Sciences. 6(1):77-82.
Yazdani, M., Pyrdshty, H., Ismaili, M.A. and Bahmanyar, M.A. (2008). Saving effect of chemical fertilizers, organic and biological yield and yield components of maize Singh cross 604. Proceedings of the Congress of Crop Science. Seed Improvement Institute. Karaj. p. 42.
Zarintag, A. (2005). Impact on the growth of Azotobacter biological fertilizer nutrition apple seedlings in calcareous soils. Tarbiat Modares University. Master's thesis.
Zebart, B.J. and Sheard, R.W. (2001). Influence of rate timing of nitrogen fertilization on yield and quality of red winter wheat in Ontario. Plant Science.72:13-19.
_||_