اثر قارچ میکوریزا بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیک، مقدار ترکیبات فنلی و فلورسانس کلروفیل گیاه دارویی گاوزبان (Borago officinails L.) تحت خشکی
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
علی رحیمی
1
,
شاهرخ جهانبین
2
,
امین صالحی
3
,
هوشنگ فرجی
4
1 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه یاسوج، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه یاسوج، ایران
3 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه یاسوج، ایران
4 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه یاسوج، ایران
کلید واژه: آبیاری, شاخص سطح برگ, ترکیبات فنلی, شاخه‌های فرعی, فلورسانس کلروفیل,
چکیده مقاله :
خشکی یکی از عوامل اثر گذار بر گیاهان دارویی است و از سویی، نقش قارچ میکوریزا در بهبود عملکرد برخی گیاهان دارویی مواجه با تنش خشکی مؤثر بوده است. لذا به بدین منظور، آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در منطقه بویراحمد و در سال‌های 1394 و 1395 اجرا گردید. عامل‌های آزمایش شامل سطوح آبیاری (عامل اصلی) به صورت آبیاری پس از 30، 60، 90، 120 و 150 میلی‌متر تبخیر آب از تشتک تبخیر کلاس Aو قارچ میکوریزا (عامل فرعی) در سطوح عدم کاربرد، کاربرد Glomus mosseaeو کاربرد Glomus intraradices لحاظ شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر سال بر صفات مورد مطالعه گاوزبان معنی‌دار نبود. اثر تنش خشکی بر شاخص سطح برگ گاوزبان معنی‌دار و در آبیاری پس از 30 و 60 میلی‌متر تبخیر بالاترین شاخص سطح برگ بدست آمد. کاربرد قارچ‌های میکوریزا Glomus mosseaeو Glomus intraradices مقدار فنل گاوزبان را نسبت به شرایط عدم کاربرد قارچ به ترتیب 13 و 9 درصد افزایش دادند. با افزایش شدت تنش خشکی از 30 میلی‌متر به 150 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر، ارتفاع، تعداد شاخه‌های فرعی و فلورسانس کلروفیل کاهش یافتند، اما کاربرد قارچ میکوریزا توانست صفات مورد مطالعه گاوزبان را در شرایط تنش خشکی در این بررسی افزایش دهد و از میزان اثرات منفی تنش خشکی بکاهد.
Drought is one of the factors that affect medicinal plants. On the other hand, the role of mycorrhiza fungi was effective in improving the performance of some medicinal plants exposed to draught stress. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Boyerahmad region during 2015 - 2016. The experiment factors consisted of irrigation levels (main plot) as irrigation after S1 =30, S2 =60, S3 =90, S4 =120 and S5 =150 mm water evaporation from evaporation pan class A and mycorrhiza fungi (sub plot) consisted of non-inoculation (NG), inoculation with mycorrhiza fungi species of Glomus mosseae (GM) and Glomus intraradices (GI). Results showed that the effect of year on the studied traits of Borage was not significant. The effect of drought stress on leaf area index of Borage was significant and in the irrigation after 30 and 60 mm evaporation the highest LAI was obtained. The application of mycorrhiza fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices increased the amount of phenols of Borageby %13 and% 9, respectively as compared with the plants not inoculated with mycorrhiza fungi. Increase in the drought from 30 mm to 150 mm decreased evaporation, height, number of tributaries and chlorophyll fluorescence, but the application of mycorrhiza could increase the studied characteristics of Borage under drought stress conditions and decrease the negative effects of stress.
Baz, A.G. (1984). Some physiological studies on dormancy in Mit-Ghamr peach cultivar. A seasonal changes in native growth materials related to bud dormancy in peach. Annals of Agricultural Sciences 21: 465-479.
Benkeblia, N. and Shiomi, N. (2004). Chilling effect on soluble sugars, respiration rate, total phenolic, peroxidase activity and dormancy of onion bulbs. Sciences Agricultural Piracicaba, Brazil. 61: 281-285.
Ben Mohamad, H., Vadel, A.M., Geuns, J.M.C. and Khemira, H. (2010). Biochemical changes in dormant grapevine shoot tissues in response to chilling: Possible role in dormancy release. Scientia Horticulturae. 124: 440-447.
Bonhomme, M., Rageau, R., Lacointe, A. and Gendraud, M. (2005). Influences of cold deprivation during dormancy on carbohydrate contents of vegetative and floral primordia and nearby structures of peach buds (Prunus persica L. Batch). Scientia Horticulturae. 105: 223-240.
Campoy, J.A, Ruiz, D., Cook, N., Allderman, L. and Egea, J. (2011). High temperature and time to budbreak in low chill apricot. Towards a better understanding of chill and heat requirements fulfillment.Scientia Horticulturae.129: 649-655.
Cansev, A., Gulen, H., Celik, G. and Eris, A. (2012). Alterations in total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in response to low tempratures ib olive (Olea Europaea L.). Plant Archives 10(1): 489-494.
Charrier, G., Bonhomme, M., Lacointe, A. and Améglio, T. (2011). Are budburst dates, dormancy and cold acclimation in walnut trees (Juglans regia L.) under mainly genotypic or environmental control? International Journal of Biometeorology. 55: 763-774.
Dennis, F.G. (2003). Problems in standardizing methods for evaluating the chilling requirements for the breaking of dormancy in buds of woody plants.Horticulture Science 38: 347-350.
Doblinski, P.M.F. and Ferrarese, M.L.L. (2003). Peroxidase and lipid proxidation of soybean roots. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Tecnology.46 (2): 193-198.
Egea, J., Ortega, E., Martynez-Gomez, P. and Dicenta, F. (2003). Chilling and heat requirements of almond cultivars for flowering. Environmental Experimental Botany. 50: 79-85.
Erez, A. (1995). Means to compensate for insufficient chilling to improve bloom and leafing. Acta Horticulturae. 395: 81-95.
Fukoda, T., Ito, H. and Yoshida, T. (2003). Antioxidative polyphenols from Walnuts (Juglans regia L.). Phytochemistry. 63: 795-801.
Gonzalez-Rossia, D., Reig, C., Dovis, V., Gariglio, N. and Agusti, M. (2008). Changes on carbohydrates and nitrogen content in the bark tissues induced by artificial chilling and its relationship with dormancy bud break in Prunus sp. Scientia Horticulturae.118: 275-281.
Handel, E.V. (1968). Direct micro determination of sucrose. Analytical Biochemistry. 22: 280-283.
Hellman, E., Shelby, S. and Lowery, C. (2006). Exogenously applied abscise acid did not consistently delay budburst of deacclimating grapevines. Journal of the American Pomological Society. 60: 178-186.
Ito, A., Sakamoto, D. and Moriguchi, T. (2012). Carbohydrate metabolism and its possible roles in endodormancy transition in Japanese pear. Scientia Horticulturae. 144: 187-194.
Kara, M. and Mishra, D. (1976). Catalase, Peroxidase and polyphenolxidase activities during rice leaf senescence. Plant Phsiology. 57: 315-319.
Liu, X. and Huang, B. (2000). Heat stress injury in relation to membrane lipid peroxidation in greeping bentgrass. Crop Science. 40:503-510.
Mann, S.S. and Singh, B. (1990). Some aspects on development physiology of patharankh pear. Acta Horticulturae 279: 155-158.
Maurel, K., Leite, G.B., Bonhomme, M., Guilliot, A., Rageau, R., Petel, G. and Sakr, S. (2004). Trophic control of bud break in peach (Prunus persica) trees: a possible role of hexoses. Tree Physiology. 24: 579-588.
McCready, R.M., Guggolz, J., Silviera, V. and Owens, H.S. (1950). Determination of starch and amylose in vegetables. Analytical Chemistry 22: 1156-1158.
Noriega, X., Burgos, B. and Pérez, F.J. (2007). Short day-photoperiod triggers and low temperatures increase expression of peroxidase RNA transcripts and basic peroxidase isoenzyme activity in grapevine buds. Phytochemistry 68: 1376-1383.
Pennycooke, J.C., Cox, S. and Stushnoff, C. (2005). Relationship of cold acclimation, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity with chilling tolerance in petunia (Petunia x hybrida). Environmental Experimental Botany. 53: 225-232.
Posmyk, M.M, Corbineau, F., Vinel, D., Bailly, C. and Come, D. (2001). Osmoconditioning reduces physiological and biochemical damage induced by chilling in soybean seeds. Physiologia Plantarum 111: 473-482.
Prado, D.E., Gonzalea, J.A., Boero, C. and Sampietro, A.R. (1998). A simple and sensitive method for determining reducing sugars in plant tissues. Application to quantify the sugar content in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) seedlings. Phytochemistry Analysis. 9: 58-63.
Price, M.D. and Buttler, L.G. (1971). Rapid visual estimation and spectrophotometric determination of tannin content of sorghum grain. Journal of Agriculture Food Chemistry. 251: 1268-1273.
Prassinos, C., Rigas, S., Kizis, D., Vlahou, A. and Hatzopoulos, P. (2011). Subtle proteome differences identified between post-dormant vegetative and floral peach buds. Journal of Proteomics. 74: 607-619.
Rady, M.M. and Seif El-Yazal, M.A. (2013). Response of “Anna” apple dormant buds and carbohydrate metabolism during floral bud break to onion extract. Scientia Horticulturae. 155: 78-84.
Resende, M.L.V., Nojosa, G.B.A., Cavalcant, L.S., Aguilar, M.A.G., Silva, L.H.C.P., Perez, J.O., Andrade, G.C.G., Carvalho, G.A. and Castro, R.M.(2002). Induction of resistance in cocoa against Crinipellis perniciosa and Verticillium dahliae by acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM). Plant Pathology. 51: 621- 628.
Roitsch, T. and Gonzalez, M.C. (2004). Function and regulation of plant invertases: sweet sensations. Trends Plant Scientia. 19: 606–613.
Scalabrelli, G., Viti, R. and Cinelli, F. (1991). Changes in catalase activity and dormancy of apricot buds in response to chilling. Acta Horticulture. 293: 267-274.
Sergeeva, L.I., Claassens, M.M.J., Jamar, D.C.L., Van Der Plas, L.H.W. and Vreugdenhil,D. (2012). Starch related enzymes during potato tuber dormancy and sprouting. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology. 59: 556-564.
Sherson, S.M., Alford, H.L., Forbes, S.M., Wallace, G. and Smith, S.M. (2003). Roles of cellwall invertases and monosaccharide transporters in the growth and development of Arabidopsis. Journal of Experimental Botany. 54: 525-531.
Szecsk, V., Hrotk, K. and Stefanovits-Banyai, E. (2002). Seasonal variability in phenol content, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase enzyme activity during the dormant season in plum rootstocks. Proceedings of the 7th Hungarian Congress on Plant Physiology. 46(3): 211-212.
Vergara, R. and Pérez, F.J. (2010). Similarities between natural and chemically induced bud endodormancy release in grapevine Vitis vinifera L. Scientia Horticulture. 125: 648-653.
Wang, S.Y. and Faust, M. (1987). Metabolic activities during dormancy and blooming of deciduous fruit trees. Isr. Journal of Botany. 37: 227-243.
Wang, S.H., Jiao, H.J. and Faust, M. (1991). Changes in the activity of catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase in apple buds during bud break induced by thidiazuron. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 10: 33-39.
Zhang, J., Cui, S., Li, J., Wei, J. and Kirkham, M.B. (1995). Protoplasmic factors, antioxidants responses, and chilling resistance in maize. Plant Physiology. Biochemistry. 33: 567-575.