مقایسه ترکیب بیوشیمیایی روغن سه رقم زیتون (Olea europaea L.) در مناطق مختلف استان گلستان
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیکاسماعیل سیفی 1 , آرزو جلالی 2 , سمیه ابراهیم نیا 3 , حسین فریدونی 4
1 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، گرگان، ایران
2 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، گرگان، ایران
3 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، گرگان، ایران
4 - مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، گرگان، ایران
کلید واژه: روغن زیتون, Olea europaea, اسیدهای چرب آزاد, پراکسید, صفات فیزیکوشیمیایی,
چکیده مقاله :
میوه‌ی زیتون دارای روغنی بسیار مطلوب و با خواص تغذیه‌ای بسیار عالی می‌باشد. با توجه به نیاز شدید کشور به روغن‌های خوراکی و کیفیت عالی روغن زیتون، افزایش سطح زیر کشت زیتون یکی از اهداف برنامه‌های کشاورزی در ایران است. در این مطالعه، سه رقم میشن، کرونایکی و زرد از سه منطقه در استان گلستان (ورسن، گناره و مینودشت) از نظر کمیت و کیفیت روغن بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که بین مناطق و ارقام مختلف تفاوت‌های معنی‌دار وجود داشت. ارقام میشن ورسن و کرونایکی مینودشت به‌ترتیب بیش‌ترین و کم‌ترین وزن تک‌میوه را داشتند. ارقام میشن گناره، زرد گناره و میشن ورسن بیش‌ترین درصد ماده خشک را در میوه تولید کردند. بالاترین درصد روغن در وزن خشک و وزن تر به‌ترتیب در ارقام کرونایکی گناره و زرد گناره مشاهده شد. از نظر صفات فیزیکوشیمیایی روغن، رقم میشن گناره حاوی کم‌ترین مقدار اسیدهای چرب آزاد بود. کرونایکی مینودشت کم‌ترین ارزش K232 را دارا بود؛ در حالی که بیش‌ترین مقدار کلروفیل کل و کاروتنوئید کل را نشان داد. روغن حاصل از زیتون منطقه ورسن به‌ترتیب کم‌ترین و بیش‌ترین مقادیر پراکسید و شاخص K270 را به خود اختصاص داد. به‌طورکلی، نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که رقم کرونایکی برای کشت در هر سه منطقه گناره، مینودشت و ورسن مناسب است.
Olive has a suitable oil, which shows excellent nutritional values. Due to our country's huge need to edible oil and the high quality of olive oil, developing the area under cultivation of olive is an important aim of Iran's agricultural programs. In this study, three cultivars including Mission, Koroneiki and Zard from three regions in Golestan province (Varsan, Ganareh and Minoodasht) were studied in terms of quantity and quality of the oil. Results showed that there were some significant differences among various regions and cultivars. Mission in Varsan and Koroneiki in Minoodasht had the highest and lowest fruit weight, respectively. Cultivars Mission and Zard in Ganareh and Mission in Varsan had the highest percentage of dry matter in fruits. The highest percentages of oil in dry and fresh weights were observed in cultivars Koroneiki and Zard in Ganareh, respectively, though they were not significantly different from the other treatments. In term of oil physicochemical traits, cultivar Mission in Ganareh showed the lowest free fatty acids. Cultivar Koroneiki Minoodasht had the lowest K232 value; while, it had the highest amount of total chlorophyll and carotenoid. The oil produced in Varsan region had the lowest and highest amount of peroxide and K270 value, respectively. In general, the results showed that cultivar Koroneiki is suitable to produce in all three regions of Varsan, Ganareh and Minoodasht.
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