مطالعه خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی ریشه ارقام عدس (Lens culinaris Medik) در پاسخ به تنش رطوبتی
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
راهله احمدپور
1
(گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم‌الانبیاء، بهبهان، ایران)
سعید رضا حسین زاده
2
(گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم‌الانبیاء، بهبهان، ایران)
سمیه چاشیانی
3
(گروه ریاضی و آمار، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم‌الانبیاء بهبهان، ایران)
کلید واژه: تنش آبی, حبوبات, فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی, مورفولوژی ریشه,
چکیده مقاله :
واکنش ریشه گیاهان نقش به‌سزایی در تحمل به تنش و استفاده بهینه از رطوبت ذخیره شده خاک دارد. بررسی مهمترین شاخص‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی ریشه ارقام گیاهان مختلف می‌تواند پارامتر مناسبی جهت گزینش ارقام متحمل به تنش رطوبتی باشد. این پژوهش در در شرایط گلدانی و در محیط باز به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 3 تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل 4 رقم پرکاربرد گیاه عدس (گچساران، کیمیا، زیبا و رباط) و 4 سطح تنش رطوبتی 25، 50، 75 و 100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی بود. نتایج نشان داد که اثرات متقابل رقم و تنش رطوبتی بر تمام صفات مورد بررسی معنی‌دار بود. ارقام رباط و گچساران در بسیاری از صفات نظیر طول، وزن خشک و سطح ریشه، غلظت پتاسیم و کلسیم، محتوای پرولین و پروتئین محلول، فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز ریشه نسبت به ارقام کیمیا و زیبا در شرایط تنش شدید برتری محسوسی داشتند. رقم کیمیا نسبت به سایر ارقام مورد بررسی در تمامی سطوح تنش، کمترین ویژگی‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی مورد سنجش در ریشه را داشت. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که ارقام رباط و گچساران با استفاده از مکانیسم‌های کارامد ریشه در تحمل به تنش رطوبتی نظیر فعالیت بیشتر آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان، میزان بالاتری از پرولین و پروتئین، افزایش طول و سطح ریشه و میزان جذب بیشتر پتاسیم و کلسیم نسبت به ارقام کیمیا و زیبا، کمتر تحت تأثیر اثرات منفی تنش رطوبتی قرار گرفتند. باتوجه به نتایج این پژوهش ارقام رباط و گچساران به عنوان ارقام متحمل جهت کشت در شرایط کم‌آبی معرفی می‌گردد.
The responses of plant roots play an important role in stress tolerance and optimal use of the moisture stored in the soil. Study of the most important morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters of roots can be an appropriate approach for selection of the cultivars tolerant to moisture stress. This study was conducted in pots and as a factorial completely randomized design in three replications.Treatments consisted of lentil cultivars (Gachsaran, Kimiya, Ziba, and Robat) and moisture stress at four levels: 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% field capacity. Results showed that the interactions between lentil cultivars and water stress on all root traits were significant. Under severe moisture stress, Rabat and Gachsaran cultivars were significantly superior to the Kimia and Ziba cultivars in most of the studied traits such as root length, root area, concentration of K, concentration of Ca, proline content, protein content, POX activity, and SOD activity. Kimia cultivar compared to other cultivars in all stress levels had the lowest root morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics. The findings of this study showed that in comparison with other cultivars, Robat and Gachsaran were affected less under moisture stress, by means of applying effective stress-tolerance mechanisms such as more antioxidant enzyme activity, more root proline and protein contents, increased root length and area, more K and Ca absorption. According to the results of this study, Robat and Gachsaran cultivars are introduced as tolerant cultivars for cultivation under moisture stress.
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