تأثیر نوع و روش کاربرد کودهای نانو و شیمیایی بر عملکرد دانه و اسانس گل گاو زبان اروپایی (Borago officinalis L.)
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
پریزاد محمودی
1
(گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.)
مهرداد یارنیا
2
(گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران)
ورهام رشیدی
3
(گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران)
رضا امیرنیا
4
(گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.)
علیرضا تاری نژاد
5
(گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران.)
کلید واژه: اوره, اسانس, دانه, نانو کود, گل گاو زبان,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی اثر مصرف کودهای شیمیایی و نانو بر عملکرد و اسانس گیاه دارویی گل گاو زبان، آزمایشـی در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز در قالب اسپلیت پلات بر پایه ی طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال92 اجرا گردید. سطوح مختلف کود در 11 سطح شامل (کودسولفات آهن، نانو آهن 10 درصد، سولفات روی، نانو روی20 درصد، اوره، نانو اوره، سولفات پتاس، نانوپتاس 23 درصد، کود میکرو کامل، نانوسوپر میکرو کامل و شاهد) و سطوح مختلف روش کاربرد کود در سه سطح شامل (مصرف خاکی، محلول پاشی، مصرف خاکی+محلول پاشی) در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که مصرف کود اوره باعث افزایش وزن خشک سرشاخه گلدار و ارتفاع بوته نسبت به شاهد گردید. مصرف کود نانو اوره موجب افزایش سطح برگ، شاخص برداشت، اسانس گل و عملکرد اسانس نسبت به شاهد گردد. کاربرد اوره و پتاس در هر دو فرم شیمیایی و نانو بیشترین تاثیر افزایشی در سرشاخه های گلدار و اسانس گل را داشتند. کاربرد کود نانو اوره، مقدار تولید اسانس گیاه را افزایش داد. با توجه به اثرات مطلوب کودهای نانو نسبت به کودهای شیمیایی استفاده از این نوع کودها در راستای کشاورزی پایدار گامی موثر خواهد بود.
A split plot experiment was conducted to investigate the seed and essence yield of borage (Borago officinalis L.) under the influence of type and method of application of nanofertilizers based on a complete random block design with arrangement of split plot-factorial in three replications at Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch in 2013. Fertilizers at 11 levels (Iron sulphate, nano-iron %10, Zinc sulphate, nano-zinc %20, urea and nano-urea, sulphate-potash, nano-potash %23, complete micro fertilizer, nano-complete micro-fertilizer, and control) along with different methods of application including (soil application, foliar application, and soil + foliar application) were considered. Results showed that use of urea fertilizer increased dry weight of shoots and plant height compared with the control group. The use of Nano-urea fertilizer could also significantly increased leaf area, harvest index, flower essence and essential oil yield compared to the control. Application of chemical and nanofertilizers of urea and potash had the most increasing effect on shoot dry weight and flower essential oil. Application of nano-urea increased essence production. Considering the desirable effects of nanofertilizers in comparison with chemical fertilizers, the use of nanofertilizers is suggested as an effective step toward sustainable agriculture.
Amirnia, R., Bayat, M. and Tajbakhsh, M. (2014). Effects of nano fertilizer application and maternal corm weight on flowering of some saffron (Crocus sativus L.) ecotypes. Turkish Journal of Field Crops. 19 (2): 158-168.
Astaraei, A. (2006). Effect of municipal solid waste compost and vermin-compost on yield and yield components of Plantago ovata. Iranian Journal of Medicine Aromatic Plants. 3: 180-187.
Briat, J.F., Dubos, C. and Gaymard, F. (2015). Iron nutrition, biomass production, and plant product quality. Trends Plant Science. 20: 33–40.
Biesiada, A. and Kucharska. A. (2008). The effect of nitrogen fertilization on yielding and antioxidant activity of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.). Acta Science Pollish Hortorum Cultus. 7(2): 33-40.
Das, K., Dang, R., Shivananda, T.N. and Şekeroğlu, N. (2007). Comparative Efficiency of Bio- and Chemical Fertilizers on Nutrient Contents and Biomass Yield in Medicinal Plant Stevia rebaudiana Bert. International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences.1: 35-39.
El Gendy, A.G., Taghred, A., Hegazy, S. and El-Sayed, S.M. (2013). Effect of bio-fertilizers and/or urea on growth, yield, essential oil and chemical compositions of Cymbopogon citratus plants. Journal of Applied Sciences Research.9(1): 309-320.
Fhatuwani, N., (2007). Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Nutrition on Total Polyphenol Content of Bush Tea (Athrixia phylicoides L.) Leaves in Shaded Nursery Environment. Hortscience.42 (2): 334-3488.
Ghavami, S.H., Sharif Moghadasi, M. and Omidi Tabrizi, O.H. (2015). Evaluation of use Fe and Zn micronutrients application on quantitative and qualitative traits of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius l.). Cumhuriyet University Faculty Journal Science. 36(3): 20-25.
Golcz, A., Politycka, B. and Seidler-Łożykowska, K. (2006). The effect of nitrogen fertilization and stage of plant development on the mass and quality of sweet basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.). Herba Polonica. 52: 22-30.
Hassani, A., Tajali, A.K. and Hosseini Mazinani, S.M. (2015). Studying the Conventional Chemical Fertilizers and nono-fertilizer of iron, zinc and potassium on quantative yield of the Medicinal Plant of Peppermint (MenthaPiperita L.) in Khuzestan. International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research. 3:1078-1082.
Janmohammadi, M., Sufi-Mahmoudi, Z., Ahadnezhad, A., Yousefzadeh, S. and Sabaghnia, N. (2013). Influence of chemical and organic fertilizer on growth, yield and essential oil of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) plant. Acta agriculture Slovenica. 103: 73-81.
Kottegoda, N.I., Munaweera, N., Madusanka, N. and Karunaratne, V. (2011). A green slow-release fertilizer composition based on urea-modified hydroxyapatite nanoparticles encapsulated wood. Current Science. 101: 73-78.
Kumawat, P.D., Jat, N.L. and Yadavi. S.S. (2006). Effect of organic manure and nitrogen fertilization on growth, yield and economics of barely (Hordeum vulgare). Indian Journal of Agricultural Science. 76: 226-229.
Lucy, M., Reed, E. and Glick. B.R. (2004). Application of free living plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Ntonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 86: 1- 25.
Miguel, M.G., Guerrero, C., Rodrigues, H. and Brito, J. (2007). Essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis l., effect of harvesting dates, growing media and fertilizers. Proc. of the 3rd iasme/wseas int. conf on energy, environment, ecosystems and sustainable development, Agios Nikolaos, Greece. 24-26.
Monica, R.C. and Cremonini, R. (2009). Nanoparticles and higher plants. Caryologia. 62: 161-165.
Mohamadipoor, R., Sedaghathoor, S. and Mahboub Khomami, A. (2013). Effect of application of iron fertilizers in two methods 'foliar and soil application' on growth characteristics of Spathyphyllum illusion. European Journal of Experimental Biology. 3(1): 232-240.
Moradi, M., Motamed, M.K., Azarpour, E. and Khosravi Danesh, R. (2012). Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density management in corn farming. ARPN Journal of Agriculture Biological Science. 7:133-137.
Naguib Y.N., Hussein, M.S., El-Sherbeny, S.E., Khalil, M.Y. and Lazari, D. (2007). Response of Ruta graveolens L. To sowing dates and foliar micronutrients. Journal of Applied Sciences Research. 3(11): 1534-1543.
Nahed, G.A. and Balba, L.K. (2007). Influence of tyrosine and zinc on growth flowering and chemical constituents of Salvia farinacea plants. Journal of Applied Sciences Research. 3(11): 1479-1489.
Najafi Vafa, Z., Sirousmehr, A.R., Ghanbari, A., Khammari, I. and Falahi, N. (2015). Effects of nano zinc and humic acid on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of savory (Satureja hortensis L.). International Journal of Biosciences. 6:124-136.
Pandey, A.C., Sanjay, S.S. and Yadav, R.S. (2010). Application of Zn nanoparticles in influencing the growth rate of Cicer arietinum L. Journal of Experimental Nanoscience. 5: 488-497.
Patel, J.B., Patel, V.J. and Patel, J.R. (2006). Influence of different methods of irrigation and nitrogen levels on crop growth rate and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). Indian Journal of Science. 1(1-2): 175-177.
Prasad, T.N.V.K.V., Sudhakar, P., Sreenivasulu, Y., Latha, P., Munaswamy, V. and Raja, K. (2010). Effect of nanoscale zinc oxide particles on the germination, growth and yield of peanut. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 350: 12-21.
Safaei, Z., Azizi, M., Davarynejad, G. and Aroiee, H. (2014). The effect of foliar application of humic acid and nano-fertilizer on yield and yield components of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-products. 2: 133-140.
Sharma, H. and Kumar, A. (2011). Effect of plant growth regulators and chemical fertilizers on growth and productivity of Chlorophytum tuberosum and Pergularia daemia. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 5: 2647-2651.
Sell, C.S. (2003). A fragrant introduction to Terpenoid Chemistry. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Thomas Graham House. Science Park. Milton Road Cambridge, UK. pp. 410.
Tarafdar, J.C., Raliya, R., Mahawar, H. and Rathore, I. (2014). Development of zinc nanofertilizer to enhance crop production in pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum). Agriculture Research.3(3): 257–262.
Wettasinghe, M. and Shahidi, F. (2000). Scavenging of reactive oxygen species and DPPH free radicals by extract of borage and evening primrose meals. Food Chemistry, 70 (2): 17-26.
Yadegari, M. (2016). Effect of micronutrients foliar application and biofertilizeres on essential oils of lemon balm. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 16 (3): 702-715
Yang, F., Hong, F.S., You, W.J., Liu, C., Gao, F.Q., Wu, C. and Yang, P. (2006). Influences of nanoanatase tio2 on the nitrogen metabolism of growing spinach. Biological Trace Element Research. 110: 179-190.
Yilmaz, A., Kiz, H.E., Torun, B., Gulekin, I., Karanlk, S., Bagci, A. and Cakmak, I. (1997). Effects of different zinc application methods on grain yield and zinc concentration in wheat cultivars grown on zinc deficient calcareous soils. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 20: 461-471.
Zhu, H., Han, J., Xiao, J.Q. and Jin, Y. (2008). Uptake, translocation and accumulation of manufactured iron oxide nano-particles by pumpkin plants.Journal of Environmental Monitoring. 10: 713-717.
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Amirnia, R., Bayat, M. and Tajbakhsh, M. (2014). Effects of nano fertilizer application and maternal corm weight on flowering of some saffron (Crocus sativus L.) ecotypes. Turkish Journal of Field Crops. 19 (2): 158-168.
Astaraei, A. (2006). Effect of municipal solid waste compost and vermin-compost on yield and yield components of Plantago ovata. Iranian Journal of Medicine Aromatic Plants. 3: 180-187.
Briat, J.F., Dubos, C. and Gaymard, F. (2015). Iron nutrition, biomass production, and plant product quality. Trends Plant Science. 20: 33–40.
Biesiada, A. and Kucharska. A. (2008). The effect of nitrogen fertilization on yielding and antioxidant activity of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.). Acta Science Pollish Hortorum Cultus. 7(2): 33-40.
Das, K., Dang, R., Shivananda, T.N. and Şekeroğlu, N. (2007). Comparative Efficiency of Bio- and Chemical Fertilizers on Nutrient Contents and Biomass Yield in Medicinal Plant Stevia rebaudiana Bert. International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences.1: 35-39.
El Gendy, A.G., Taghred, A., Hegazy, S. and El-Sayed, S.M. (2013). Effect of bio-fertilizers and/or urea on growth, yield, essential oil and chemical compositions of Cymbopogon citratus plants. Journal of Applied Sciences Research.9(1): 309-320.
Fhatuwani, N., (2007). Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Nutrition on Total Polyphenol Content of Bush Tea (Athrixia phylicoides L.) Leaves in Shaded Nursery Environment. Hortscience.42 (2): 334-3488.
Ghavami, S.H., Sharif Moghadasi, M. and Omidi Tabrizi, O.H. (2015). Evaluation of use Fe and Zn micronutrients application on quantitative and qualitative traits of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius l.). Cumhuriyet University Faculty Journal Science. 36(3): 20-25.
Golcz, A., Politycka, B. and Seidler-Łożykowska, K. (2006). The effect of nitrogen fertilization and stage of plant development on the mass and quality of sweet basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.). Herba Polonica. 52: 22-30.
Hassani, A., Tajali, A.K. and Hosseini Mazinani, S.M. (2015). Studying the Conventional Chemical Fertilizers and nono-fertilizer of iron, zinc and potassium on quantative yield of the Medicinal Plant of Peppermint (MenthaPiperita L.) in Khuzestan. International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research. 3:1078-1082.
Janmohammadi, M., Sufi-Mahmoudi, Z., Ahadnezhad, A., Yousefzadeh, S. and Sabaghnia, N. (2013). Influence of chemical and organic fertilizer on growth, yield and essential oil of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) plant. Acta agriculture Slovenica. 103: 73-81.
Kottegoda, N.I., Munaweera, N., Madusanka, N. and Karunaratne, V. (2011). A green slow-release fertilizer composition based on urea-modified hydroxyapatite nanoparticles encapsulated wood. Current Science. 101: 73-78.
Kumawat, P.D., Jat, N.L. and Yadavi. S.S. (2006). Effect of organic manure and nitrogen fertilization on growth, yield and economics of barely (Hordeum vulgare). Indian Journal of Agricultural Science. 76: 226-229.
Lucy, M., Reed, E. and Glick. B.R. (2004). Application of free living plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Ntonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 86: 1- 25.
Miguel, M.G., Guerrero, C., Rodrigues, H. and Brito, J. (2007). Essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis l., effect of harvesting dates, growing media and fertilizers. Proc. of the 3rd iasme/wseas int. conf on energy, environment, ecosystems and sustainable development, Agios Nikolaos, Greece. 24-26.
Monica, R.C. and Cremonini, R. (2009). Nanoparticles and higher plants. Caryologia. 62: 161-165.
Mohamadipoor, R., Sedaghathoor, S. and Mahboub Khomami, A. (2013). Effect of application of iron fertilizers in two methods 'foliar and soil application' on growth characteristics of Spathyphyllum illusion. European Journal of Experimental Biology. 3(1): 232-240.
Moradi, M., Motamed, M.K., Azarpour, E. and Khosravi Danesh, R. (2012). Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density management in corn farming. ARPN Journal of Agriculture Biological Science. 7:133-137.
Naguib Y.N., Hussein, M.S., El-Sherbeny, S.E., Khalil, M.Y. and Lazari, D. (2007). Response of Ruta graveolens L. To sowing dates and foliar micronutrients. Journal of Applied Sciences Research. 3(11): 1534-1543.
Nahed, G.A. and Balba, L.K. (2007). Influence of tyrosine and zinc on growth flowering and chemical constituents of Salvia farinacea plants. Journal of Applied Sciences Research. 3(11): 1479-1489.
Najafi Vafa, Z., Sirousmehr, A.R., Ghanbari, A., Khammari, I. and Falahi, N. (2015). Effects of nano zinc and humic acid on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of savory (Satureja hortensis L.). International Journal of Biosciences. 6:124-136.
Pandey, A.C., Sanjay, S.S. and Yadav, R.S. (2010). Application of Zn nanoparticles in influencing the growth rate of Cicer arietinum L. Journal of Experimental Nanoscience. 5: 488-497.
Patel, J.B., Patel, V.J. and Patel, J.R. (2006). Influence of different methods of irrigation and nitrogen levels on crop growth rate and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). Indian Journal of Science. 1(1-2): 175-177.
Prasad, T.N.V.K.V., Sudhakar, P., Sreenivasulu, Y., Latha, P., Munaswamy, V. and Raja, K. (2010). Effect of nanoscale zinc oxide particles on the germination, growth and yield of peanut. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 350: 12-21.
Safaei, Z., Azizi, M., Davarynejad, G. and Aroiee, H. (2014). The effect of foliar application of humic acid and nano-fertilizer on yield and yield components of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-products. 2: 133-140.
Sharma, H. and Kumar, A. (2011). Effect of plant growth regulators and chemical fertilizers on growth and productivity of Chlorophytum tuberosum and Pergularia daemia. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 5: 2647-2651.
Sell, C.S. (2003). A fragrant introduction to Terpenoid Chemistry. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Thomas Graham House. Science Park. Milton Road Cambridge, UK. pp. 410.
Tarafdar, J.C., Raliya, R., Mahawar, H. and Rathore, I. (2014). Development of zinc nanofertilizer to enhance crop production in pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum). Agriculture Research.3(3): 257–262.
Wettasinghe, M. and Shahidi, F. (2000). Scavenging of reactive oxygen species and DPPH free radicals by extract of borage and evening primrose meals. Food Chemistry, 70 (2): 17-26.
Yadegari, M. (2016). Effect of micronutrients foliar application and biofertilizeres on essential oils of lemon balm. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 16 (3): 702-715
Yang, F., Hong, F.S., You, W.J., Liu, C., Gao, F.Q., Wu, C. and Yang, P. (2006). Influences of nanoanatase tio2 on the nitrogen metabolism of growing spinach. Biological Trace Element Research. 110: 179-190.
Yilmaz, A., Kiz, H.E., Torun, B., Gulekin, I., Karanlk, S., Bagci, A. and Cakmak, I. (1997). Effects of different zinc application methods on grain yield and zinc concentration in wheat cultivars grown on zinc deficient calcareous soils. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 20: 461-471.
Zhu, H., Han, J., Xiao, J.Q. and Jin, Y. (2008). Uptake, translocation and accumulation of manufactured iron oxide nano-particles by pumpkin plants.Journal of Environmental Monitoring. 10: 713-717.