ارزیابی رشد و پاسخ¬های فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گونه انحصاری توسکا‌ییلاقی (Alnus subcordata C. A. Mey.) به تنش خشکی
محورهای موضوعی : تنش
مکرم روانبخش
1
,
بابک باباخانی
2
,
محمود قاسم نژاد
3
1 - گروه پژوهشی محیط¬زیست طبیعی، پژوهشکده محیط زیست جهاد دانشگاهی، رشت، ایران؛ گروه زیست¬شناسی، دانشکده علوم زیستی، واحد تنکابن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تنکابن، ایران،
2 - گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم زیستی، واحد تنکابن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تنکابن، ایران.
3 - گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران،
کلید واژه: سطح ویژه برگ, فعالیت آنتی¬اکسیدانی, کم آبی, گونه چوبی, هیرکانی,
چکیده مقاله :
در این تحقیق اثر تنش خشکی بر پارامترهای ریخت¬شناسی، فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گونه توسکا‌ییلاقی(Alnus subcordata C. A. Mey.) از گونه‌های چوبی انحصاری هیرکانی ارزیابی شده است. آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاٌ تصادفی بر روی نهال¬های یکساله و چهار سطح تنش خشکی (25% (تنش شدید)، 50% (تنش متوسط)، 75% (تنش خفیف) و 100% (بدون تنش) ظرفیت زراعی) در شرایط گلخانه انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که خشکی میزان رشد و زی‌توده نهال¬ها را کاهش داد. میزان افت در تیمار تنش شدید نسبت به شاهد در مشخصه¬های ارتفاع، قطر یقه، زی‌توده¬کل، سطح¬ برگ و شاخص سطح¬ویژه برگ نهال¬ها به‌ترتیب 8/41، 40، 4/72 ،9/91 و 6/49 درصد بود و نسبت ریشه به اندام هوایی 3/53 درصد افزایش را نشان داد. با افزایش شدت تنش میزان کلروفیل¬کل، کلروفیلa، کلروفیل¬b، کاهش تقریبی 50 درصدی و میزان کارتنوئیدها کاهش 4/38 درصدی را نشان داد. محتوای نسبی آب نهال¬ها، افت50/33 و 9/24 درصد در تنش شدید و متوسط نسبت به شاهد داشتند. میزان درصد افزایش پرولین و مالون¬دی¬آلدئید در تیمار تنش نسبت به شاهد به ترتیب 8/169، 7/142 درصد بود. در تیمار تنش خفیف و متوسط میزان افزایش فعالیت آنزيم سوپر¬اکسید¬دیسموتاز به‌ترتیب 25و36 درصد و پراکسیداز 140 و 148 درصد مشاهده شد. داده‌های این تحقیق نشان می¬دهد که نهال‌های توسکا‌ییلاقی (گونه¬ای تا حدودی حساس به خشکی) توانسته¬اند در سطح تیمار تنش خفیف و متوسط به کمک مکانیسم‌های تحمل به خشکی مانند کاهش رشد و زی‌توده، افزایش نسبت ریشه به اندام هوایی و افزایش نسبی فعالیت¬های آنزیمی با تنش مقابله کنند.
This study investigates the effect of drought stress on the morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters of Alnus subcordata C. A. Mey., an endemic wood species to Hyrcanian forests. The experimental design was completely randomized on one-year seedlings and four levels of drought stress (25% (severe stress), 50% (moderate stress), 75% (mild stress) and 100% (no stress) of crop capacity. The results showed that drought reduced the growth and biomass of seedlings. The decrease in severe stress treatment compared to the control in seedling height, basal diameter, total biomass, leaf area and specific leaf area were 41.8, 40, 72.4, 91.9 and 49.6% respectively. The root to shoot ratio showed an increase of 53.3%. With the increase of stress, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b decreased by 50% and carotenoid decreased by 38.4%. The relative water content of the seedlings decreased by 33.50 and 24.9% in severe and moderate stress compared to the control treatment. The percentage increase of proline and malondealdehyde in the stress treatment compared to the control treatment was 169.8% and 142.7%, respectively. The activity of superoxide dismutase increased by 25% and 36% and peroxidase by 140% and 148% respectively in the mild and moderate stress treatment. The result showed that Caucasian alder seedling (a rather drought-sensitive species) could coped with drought in mild and moderate treatment by tolerance mechanisms such as reducing growth and biomass, increasing of the root to shoot ratio, reducing photosynthetic pigments and relative increasing in enzyme activities.
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