طراحی و تبیین مولفه های مدل ارزیابی تابآوری زنجیره تامین در مراکز درمانی کشور
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت صنعتی
farshad alibakhshi
1
,
mahmoud modiri
2
,
changiz valmohammadi
3
,
gholam reza hashemzadeh
4
1 - PhD student in Industrial Management, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial Management, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
3 - Associate Professor, Department of Industrial Management, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
4 - Associate Professor, Department of Industrial Management, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
کلید واژه: کوید 19, تاب آوری, زنجیره تامین, مراکز درمانی,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیدهمقدمه: تحقیق حاضر با هدف شناسایی ابعاد، مولفه‌ها و شاخص‌های ارزیابی تابآوری زنجیره تامین و تعیین روابط بین آن‌ها به منظور ارائه مدل می‌باشد.روش‌ها: تحقیق از لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و از لحاظ ماهیت داده‌ها آمیخته (کمّی-کیفی) است. جامعه تحقیق خبرگان شامل 23 نفر از مدیران و کارشناسان ارشد زنجیره‌تامین بیمارستان‌های دولتی استان تهران بود که به صورت نمونه‌گیری غیر احتمالی هدفمند و تکنیک گلوله برفی و نظری انتخاب شدند. در بخش کمی با استفاده از روش فرآیند تحلیل شبکه‌ای مبتنی بر دیمتل خاکستری میزان اهمیت ابعاد و مولفه‌ها بر اساس روابط بین‌شان تعیین شد. بخش کمی، جامه آماری 336 نفری از جامعه مدیران و کارشناسان زنجیره تأمین بیمارستان‌های دولتی استان تهران بود، بر اساس فرمول کوکران به تعداد 184 نفر و به روش تصادفی طبقه‌ای انتخاب شدند.یافته‌ها: بعد شیوه‌های مدیریت زنجیره تامین با کسب بیشترین وزن و اهمیت اول را در تابآوری زنجیره تامین کسب کرده است. سپس بعد مدیریت تامین‌کنندگان کالا اهمیت دوم را به خود اختصاص داد. در بین مولفه‌ها نیز مهندسی مجدد زنجیره تأمین با اهمیت‌ترین می‌باشد.. دو مولفه‌ی همکاری و هماهنگی با تامین‌کنندگان و پیش بینی و بازبینی فرآیندها با توجه به وزن کسب شده، اهمیت‌های دوم و سوم را به ترتیب به دست آوردند.نتیجه گیری: یافته‌های دیمتل نشان داد که عوامل مدیریت ریسک تأثیرگذارترین و شیوه‌های مدیریت زنجیره تامین تأثیرپذیر می‌باشند. زیرعوامل مهندسی مجدد زنجیره تأمین و همکاری و هماهنگی با تامین‌کنندگان به ترتیب بیشترین اهمیت و استراتژی‌های پایش مستمر محیطی، انعطاف‌پذیری و استراتژی افزونگی برای تابآوری زنجیره تامین انتخاب شد.
This research aims to develop a model for assessing supply chain resilience by identifying its dimensions, components, and indicators, as well as understanding the relationships between them. The study is applied in nature and utilizes a mixed methodology, combining both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The research involved 23 managers and senior experts from the supply chain of public hospitals in Tehran province, who were selected using targeted non-probability sampling and theoretical and snowball techniques. In the quantitative phase, the importance of dimensions and components was determined using network analysis based on Dimetal Gray. The statistical population for the quantitative part consisted of 336 supply chain managers and experts from public hospitals in Tehran province, from which 184 individuals were selected using stratified random sampling based on Cochran's formula. The research findings indicate that "supply chain management methods" and "management of goods suppliers" are the most important dimensions, while "re-engineering of the supply chain" is the most crucial component. The study also highlights the significance of "cooperation and coordination with suppliers" and "prediction and review of processes" as important components. The research identifies "risk management" as the most influential factor and emphasizes the effectiveness of "supply chain management methods." Additionally, the study recommends strategies such as "continuous environmental monitoring," "flexibility," and "redundancy strategy" for enhancing supply chain resilience.
Ash, C. Diallo, C. Venkatadri, U. and VanBerkel, P. (2022). Distributionally robust optimization of a Canadian healthcare supply chain to enhance resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Comput Ind Eng. 168:108051. doi: 10.1016/j.cie.2022.108051. Epub 2022 Feb 28. PMID: 35250153; PMCID: PMC8883745.
Azar, A., & Khorrami, A. (2020). Designing a Supply Chain Resilience Model in the Pharmaceutical Industry with an Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach (ISM). Journal of International Business Administration, 3(continuous 10), 1-31. doi: 10.22034/jiba.2020.11197
Badhotiya, G. K., Soni, G., Jain, V., Joshi, R., & Mittal, S. (2022). Assessing supply chain resilience to the outbreak of COVID-19 in Indian manufacturing firms. Operations Management Research, 15(3-4): 1161-1180.
Bahramnejad Sharafi, SM., & Nabiollahi, A. (2015). Method for business process reengineering based on enterprise ontology. International Journal of Software Engineering & Applications (IJSEA), 6(1):25-39.
Bai, C., Rezaei, J., & Sarkis, J. (2017). Multicriteria green supplier segmentation. IEEE Trans. Eng. Manag, 64 (4): 515-528.
Brusset, X,. & Teller, C. (2017). Supply chain capabilities, risks, and resilience. International Journal of Production Economics, 184: 59-68.
Chowdhury, MMH., & Quaddus, MA. (2015). A multiple objective optimization based QFD approach for efficient resilient strategies to mitigate supply chain vulnerabilities: The case of garment industry of Bangladesh, This manuscript was processed by Associate Editor B. Lev. Omega, 57: 5–21.
Craighead, CW., Ketchen, DJ., & Darby, JL. (2020). Pandemics and supply chain management research: toward a theoretical toolbox. Decis. Sci. J. 51 (4): 838–866.
Franklin Liu, FH., Liu, YCA. (2017). methodology to assess the supply chain performance based on virtual-gap measures. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 110: 550-559.
Friday, D., Savage, DA., Melnyk, SA., Harrison, N., Ryan, S., & Wechtler, H. (2021). A collaborative approach to maintaining optimal inventory and mitigating stockout risks during a pandemic: capabilities for enabling health-care supply chain resilience. J. Humanit. Logist. Supply Chain Manag, 11 (2): 248–271.
Furstenau, L. B. Zani, C. Terra, S. X. Sott, M. K. Choo, K. K. R. and Saurin, T. A. (2022). Resilience capabilities of healthcare supply chain and supportive digital technologies. Technology in Society, 71, 102095.
Gruzauskas, V., & Vilkas, M. (2020). Managing capabilities for supply chain .resilience through.
Habib, MA., Bao, Y., Nabi, N., Dulal, M., & Asha, AA. (2021). Islam M. Impact of strategic orientations on the implementation of green supply chain management practices and sustainable firm performance. Sustainability, 13(1): 340. (In Persian).
Hosseini, S., Ivanov, D., & Dolgui, A. (2019). Review of quantitative methods for supply chain resilience analysis. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 125, 285-307.
Ibrahim, SB., & Hamid, AA. (2014). Supply Chain Management Practices and Supply Chain Performance Effectiveness. International Journal of Science and Research, 3(8): 188-195. (in persian).
Ivanov, D. (2020). Predicting the impacts of epidemic outbreaks on global supply chains: A simulation-based analysis on the coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2) case. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 136: 101922.
Ivanov, D., & Dolgui, A. (2020). Viability of intertwined supply networks: extending the supply chain resilience angles towards survivability. A position paper motivated by COVID-19 outbreak. International Journal of Production Research, 58(10): 2904-2915.
Jafarnejad, A., Momeni, M., Razavi Hajiagha, SH., & Faridi Khorshidi, M. (2019).A dynamic supply chain resilience model for medical equipment’s industry. Journal of Modelling in Management, 14(3): 816–840. (In Persian).
Karmaker, CL., Ahmed ,T. M. (2020). odeling performance indicators of resilient pharmaceutical supply chain. Modern Supply Chain Research and Applications, 2(3): 179-205. (in persian).
Khademi JolgehneJad, A., Ahmadi Kahnali, R., & Heyrani, A. (2019).Factors Influencing Hospital Supply Chain Resilience (A Qualitative Study). jhosp, 18 (2) :61-73. (in persian).
Khan, F., Ali, Y. and Pamucar, D. (2022). A new fuzzy FUCOM-QFD approach for evaluating strategies to enhance the resilience of the healthcare sector to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Kybernetes, 51(4), 1429-1451.
Liu, X., Deng, Q., Gong, G., Zhao, X., & Li, K. (2021). Evaluating the interactions of multi-dimensional value for sustainable product-service system with grey DEMATEL-ANP approach. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 60: 449-458.
Mandal, S. (2017). The influence of organizational culture on healthcare supply chain resilience: moderating role of technology orientation. J. Bus. Ind. Market; 32 (8): 1021–1037.
Mandomi, H., Sayyadi tooranloo, H., & Zarei Mahmoudabadi, M. (2023). A systematic review of supply chain resilience studies after covid-19. Production and Operations Management. Ready to publish.
Obeidat, MS., Al Abed Alhalim, EM., & Melhim, BR. (2020). Systematic approach for selecting a cleaning method to solar panels based on the preference selection index approach. Jordan Journal of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, 14(3): 279–287.
peyghami, S., Farrokh, M., Yousefi Zonouz, R., & Jamalnia, A. (2023). Evaluating the resilience of the COVID-19 vaccine supply chain by using Bayesian networks. Journal of Industrial Management Perspective. Ready to publish. (in persian).
Pires Ribeiro, J., & Barbosa-Povoa, A. (2018). Supply Chain Resilience: Definitions and quantitative modelling approaches – A literature review. Computers & Industrial Engineering. 115: 109–122.
Polater, A., & Demirdogen, O. (2018). An investigation of healthcare supply chain management and patient responsiveness: An application on public hospitals. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing; 12(3): 325–347.
Rajesh, R., & Ravi, V. (2015). Supplier selection in resilient supply chains: a grey relational analysis approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 86, 343-359.
Rehman, OU., & Ali, Y. (2020). Enhancing healthcare supply chain resilience: decision-making in a fuzzy environment. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 33(2): 520-546. (In Persian).
Rha, JS. (2020). Trends of research on supply chain resilience: a systematic review using network analysis. Sustainability, 12(11):4343.
Rocha, J., Lanyon, C., & Peterson, G. (2022). Upscaling the resilience assessment through comparative analysis. Global Environmental Change, 72: 102419.
Roghani, M., Modiri, M., Fathi Hafshjani, K., & Alirezaei ,A. (2020). Futurology of Multi-Criteria Decision Making Techniques Using Philosophical Assumptions of Paradigms in Scenario Writing. Journal of System Management, 6(3): 139-168. (In Persian).
Ruel, S., & El Baz, J. (2023). Disaster readiness’ influence on the impact of supply chain resilience and robustness on firms’ financial performance: A COVID-19 empirical investigation. International Journal of Production Research, 61(8), 2594-2612.
Sahu, AK., Datta, S., & Mahapatra, SS. (2016). Evaluation and selection of resilient suppliers in fuzzy environment. Benchmarking: An International Journal. 23(3): 651–673.
Sahu, AK., Datta, S., & Mahapatra, SS. (2017). Evaluation of performance index in resilient supply chain: a fuzzy-based approach. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 24(1): 118–142.
Sedighpour,A. Zandieh,M. Alem Tabriz,A. dori,B. (2018).Resilient Supply Chain Model in Iran Pharmaceutical Industries. Industrial Management Studies.16(51),106-55. SID. h(in persian).
Senna, P., Reis, A., Dias, A., Coelho, O., Guimaraes, J., & Eliana, S. (2023). Healthcare supply chain resilience framework: Antecedents, mediators, consequents. Production Planning & Control, 34(3), 295-309.
Shashi Centobelli, P., Cerchione, R., & Ertz, M. (2020). Managing supply chain resilience to pursue business and environmental strategies. Bus Strateg Environ, 29:1215–1246.
Shweta, S., Kumar, D., & Chandra, D. (2022). A hybrid framework to model resilience in the generic medicine supply chain of MSMEs. Benchmarking: An International Journal. ahead-of-print.
Siagian, H., Tarigan, ZJH., & Jie F. (2021). Supply chain integration enables resilience, flexibility, and innovation to improve business performance in COVID-19 Era. Sustainability: 1–19.
Spieske, A. Gebhardt, M. Kopyto, M. and Birkel, H. (2022). Improving resilience of the healthcare supply chain in a pandemic: Evidence from Europe during the COVID-19 crisis. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 100748.
Spieske, A., Gebhardt, M., Kopyto, M., & Birkel, H. (2022). Improving resilience of the healthcare supply chain in a pandemic: Evidence from Europe during the COVID-19 crisis. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 100748.
Wang, Y., Yan, F., Jia, F., & Chen, L. (2021). Building supply chain resilience through ambidexterity: an information processing perspective. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 1-18.
Wang, Z., Duan, Y., Jin Y., & Zheng, ZJ. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: how countries should build more resilient health systems for preparedness and response. Global Health Journal, 4(4): 139-145.
Wicaksono, T., & Illés, CB. (2022). From resilience to satisfaction: Defining supply chain solutions for agri-food SMEs through quality approach. Plos one; 17(2): e0263393.
Zamiela, C. Hossain, N. U. I. and Jaradat, R. (2022). Enablers of resilience in the healthcare supply chain: A case study of US healthcare industry during COVID-19 pandemic. Research in Transportation Economics, 93, 101174.
Zeneli, V., Czinkota, MR., & Knight, G. (2018). Terrorism, competitiveness, and international marketing: An empirical investigation. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 13(2): 310–329.
_||_Ash, C. Diallo, C. Venkatadri, U. and VanBerkel, P. (2022). Distributionally robust optimization of a Canadian healthcare supply chain to enhance resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Comput Ind Eng. 168:108051. doi: 10.1016/j.cie.2022.108051. Epub 2022 Feb 28. PMID: 35250153; PMCID: PMC8883745.
Azar, A., & Khorrami, A. (2020). Designing a Supply Chain Resilience Model in the Pharmaceutical Industry with an Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach (ISM). Journal of International Business Administration, 3(continuous 10), 1-31. doi: 10.22034/jiba.2020.11197
Badhotiya, G. K., Soni, G., Jain, V., Joshi, R., & Mittal, S. (2022). Assessing supply chain resilience to the outbreak of COVID-19 in Indian manufacturing firms. Operations Management Research, 15(3-4): 1161-1180.
Bahramnejad Sharafi, SM., & Nabiollahi, A. (2015). Method for business process reengineering based on enterprise ontology. International Journal of Software Engineering & Applications (IJSEA), 6(1):25-39.
Bai, C., Rezaei, J., & Sarkis, J. (2017). Multicriteria green supplier segmentation. IEEE Trans. Eng. Manag, 64 (4): 515-528.
Brusset, X,. & Teller, C. (2017). Supply chain capabilities, risks, and resilience. International Journal of Production Economics, 184: 59-68.
Chowdhury, MMH., & Quaddus, MA. (2015). A multiple objective optimization based QFD approach for efficient resilient strategies to mitigate supply chain vulnerabilities: The case of garment industry of Bangladesh, This manuscript was processed by Associate Editor B. Lev. Omega, 57: 5–21.
Craighead, CW., Ketchen, DJ., & Darby, JL. (2020). Pandemics and supply chain management research: toward a theoretical toolbox. Decis. Sci. J. 51 (4): 838–866.
Franklin Liu, FH., Liu, YCA. (2017). methodology to assess the supply chain performance based on virtual-gap measures. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 110: 550-559.
Friday, D., Savage, DA., Melnyk, SA., Harrison, N., Ryan, S., & Wechtler, H. (2021). A collaborative approach to maintaining optimal inventory and mitigating stockout risks during a pandemic: capabilities for enabling health-care supply chain resilience. J. Humanit. Logist. Supply Chain Manag, 11 (2): 248–271.
Furstenau, L. B. Zani, C. Terra, S. X. Sott, M. K. Choo, K. K. R. and Saurin, T. A. (2022). Resilience capabilities of healthcare supply chain and supportive digital technologies. Technology in Society, 71, 102095.
Gruzauskas, V., & Vilkas, M. (2020). Managing capabilities for supply chain .resilience through.
Habib, MA., Bao, Y., Nabi, N., Dulal, M., & Asha, AA. (2021). Islam M. Impact of strategic orientations on the implementation of green supply chain management practices and sustainable firm performance. Sustainability, 13(1): 340. (In Persian).
Hosseini, S., Ivanov, D., & Dolgui, A. (2019). Review of quantitative methods for supply chain resilience analysis. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 125, 285-307.
Ibrahim, SB., & Hamid, AA. (2014). Supply Chain Management Practices and Supply Chain Performance Effectiveness. International Journal of Science and Research, 3(8): 188-195. (in persian).
Ivanov, D. (2020). Predicting the impacts of epidemic outbreaks on global supply chains: A simulation-based analysis on the coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2) case. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 136: 101922.
Ivanov, D., & Dolgui, A. (2020). Viability of intertwined supply networks: extending the supply chain resilience angles towards survivability. A position paper motivated by COVID-19 outbreak. International Journal of Production Research, 58(10): 2904-2915.
Jafarnejad, A., Momeni, M., Razavi Hajiagha, SH., & Faridi Khorshidi, M. (2019).A dynamic supply chain resilience model for medical equipment’s industry. Journal of Modelling in Management, 14(3): 816–840. (In Persian).
Karmaker, CL., Ahmed ,T. M. (2020). odeling performance indicators of resilient pharmaceutical supply chain. Modern Supply Chain Research and Applications, 2(3): 179-205. (in persian).
Khademi JolgehneJad, A., Ahmadi Kahnali, R., & Heyrani, A. (2019).Factors Influencing Hospital Supply Chain Resilience (A Qualitative Study). jhosp, 18 (2) :61-73. (in persian).
Khan, F., Ali, Y. and Pamucar, D. (2022). A new fuzzy FUCOM-QFD approach for evaluating strategies to enhance the resilience of the healthcare sector to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Kybernetes, 51(4), 1429-1451.
Liu, X., Deng, Q., Gong, G., Zhao, X., & Li, K. (2021). Evaluating the interactions of multi-dimensional value for sustainable product-service system with grey DEMATEL-ANP approach. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 60: 449-458.
Mandal, S. (2017). The influence of organizational culture on healthcare supply chain resilience: moderating role of technology orientation. J. Bus. Ind. Market; 32 (8): 1021–1037.
Mandomi, H., Sayyadi tooranloo, H., & Zarei Mahmoudabadi, M. (2023). A systematic review of supply chain resilience studies after covid-19. Production and Operations Management. Ready to publish.
Obeidat, MS., Al Abed Alhalim, EM., & Melhim, BR. (2020). Systematic approach for selecting a cleaning method to solar panels based on the preference selection index approach. Jordan Journal of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, 14(3): 279–287.
peyghami, S., Farrokh, M., Yousefi Zonouz, R., & Jamalnia, A. (2023). Evaluating the resilience of the COVID-19 vaccine supply chain by using Bayesian networks. Journal of Industrial Management Perspective. Ready to publish. (in persian).
Pires Ribeiro, J., & Barbosa-Povoa, A. (2018). Supply Chain Resilience: Definitions and quantitative modelling approaches – A literature review. Computers & Industrial Engineering. 115: 109–122.
Polater, A., & Demirdogen, O. (2018). An investigation of healthcare supply chain management and patient responsiveness: An application on public hospitals. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing; 12(3): 325–347.
Rajesh, R., & Ravi, V. (2015). Supplier selection in resilient supply chains: a grey relational analysis approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 86, 343-359.
Rehman, OU., & Ali, Y. (2020). Enhancing healthcare supply chain resilience: decision-making in a fuzzy environment. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 33(2): 520-546. (In Persian).
Rha, JS. (2020). Trends of research on supply chain resilience: a systematic review using network analysis. Sustainability, 12(11):4343.
Rocha, J., Lanyon, C., & Peterson, G. (2022). Upscaling the resilience assessment through comparative analysis. Global Environmental Change, 72: 102419.
Roghani, M., Modiri, M., Fathi Hafshjani, K., & Alirezaei ,A. (2020). Futurology of Multi-Criteria Decision Making Techniques Using Philosophical Assumptions of Paradigms in Scenario Writing. Journal of System Management, 6(3): 139-168. (In Persian).
Ruel, S., & El Baz, J. (2023). Disaster readiness’ influence on the impact of supply chain resilience and robustness on firms’ financial performance: A COVID-19 empirical investigation. International Journal of Production Research, 61(8), 2594-2612.
Sahu, AK., Datta, S., & Mahapatra, SS. (2016). Evaluation and selection of resilient suppliers in fuzzy environment. Benchmarking: An International Journal. 23(3): 651–673.
Sahu, AK., Datta, S., & Mahapatra, SS. (2017). Evaluation of performance index in resilient supply chain: a fuzzy-based approach. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 24(1): 118–142.
Sedighpour,A. Zandieh,M. Alem Tabriz,A. dori,B. (2018).Resilient Supply Chain Model in Iran Pharmaceutical Industries. Industrial Management Studies.16(51),106-55. SID. h(in persian).
Senna, P., Reis, A., Dias, A., Coelho, O., Guimaraes, J., & Eliana, S. (2023). Healthcare supply chain resilience framework: Antecedents, mediators, consequents. Production Planning & Control, 34(3), 295-309.
Shashi Centobelli, P., Cerchione, R., & Ertz, M. (2020). Managing supply chain resilience to pursue business and environmental strategies. Bus Strateg Environ, 29:1215–1246.
Shweta, S., Kumar, D., & Chandra, D. (2022). A hybrid framework to model resilience in the generic medicine supply chain of MSMEs. Benchmarking: An International Journal. ahead-of-print.
Siagian, H., Tarigan, ZJH., & Jie F. (2021). Supply chain integration enables resilience, flexibility, and innovation to improve business performance in COVID-19 Era. Sustainability: 1–19.
Spieske, A. Gebhardt, M. Kopyto, M. and Birkel, H. (2022). Improving resilience of the healthcare supply chain in a pandemic: Evidence from Europe during the COVID-19 crisis. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 100748.
Spieske, A., Gebhardt, M., Kopyto, M., & Birkel, H. (2022). Improving resilience of the healthcare supply chain in a pandemic: Evidence from Europe during the COVID-19 crisis. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 100748.
Wang, Y., Yan, F., Jia, F., & Chen, L. (2021). Building supply chain resilience through ambidexterity: an information processing perspective. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 1-18.
Wang, Z., Duan, Y., Jin Y., & Zheng, ZJ. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: how countries should build more resilient health systems for preparedness and response. Global Health Journal, 4(4): 139-145.
Wicaksono, T., & Illés, CB. (2022). From resilience to satisfaction: Defining supply chain solutions for agri-food SMEs through quality approach. Plos one; 17(2): e0263393.
Zamiela, C. Hossain, N. U. I. and Jaradat, R. (2022). Enablers of resilience in the healthcare supply chain: A case study of US healthcare industry during COVID-19 pandemic. Research in Transportation Economics, 93, 101174.
Zeneli, V., Czinkota, MR., & Knight, G. (2018). Terrorism, competitiveness, and international marketing: An empirical investigation. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 13(2): 310–329.