بررسی نهاد داوری سازمانی در حقوق ایران با رویکردی بر مبانی مشروعیّت آن
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق خصوصی
ام البنین حسن پور تیجی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران)
عذرا انتخابیان
2
(استادیار گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد مشهد، مشهد، ایران)
کلید واژه: داوری, حکمیت, داوری سازمانی, داوری موردی, مبانی مشروعیّت,
چکیده مقاله :
داوری سازمانی در جایی است که طرفین توافق می‎کنند موضوع اختلاف آنها تحت نظارت یک سازمان حقوقی، کنترل، اداره و مدیریت شود. در حقیقت بخلاف داوری موردی که با مراجعۀ اصحاب دعوا به شخص یا اشخاصی معیّن تحقّق می یابد، نهاد داوری سازمانی با تشکیلات و قواعد داوری منسجم، و مکانیسمی متفاوت از داوری موردی، از مزایای غیر قابل انکاری از قبیل شیوۀ خدمات رسانی به طرفین دعاوی در جهت انتخاب داور و نظارت بر روند صدور حکم برخوردار است. نظر به اهمیّت عملکرد این نهاد، علّت پرداختن به این موضوع، تبیین هر جه بیشتر و پرداختن به مبانی مشروعیّت آن می باشد. ثمرۀ مطالعه حاضر که به روش تحلیلی صورت پذیرفته، آن است که آراء صادره از این نهاد، همچون آراء صادره از شورای حل اختلاف لازم الاجراء بوده و به نوعی می توان آن را زیرمجموعه ای از شورای حل اختلاف قلمداد کرد. ضمن اینکه مشروعیت فعالیّت های آن، مستفاد از اطلاق آیات، روایات و استدلال بر سیره و دلیل عقل، قابل استناد است. همچنین بنای عقلا بر اهتمام به امور غیر در زمان بروز منازعات، و استناد به قواعد فقهی در مقام ضرورت دفع ضرر وارده که مصداقی از احسان و نیکوکاری است، مشروعیّت فعالیّت سازمان موردنظر را تأیید می کند.
Organizational arbitration is where the parties agree that the subject of their dispute will be controlled, managed, and run under the supervision of a legal organization. In fact, unlike the case arbitration ─ which is accomplished by referring litigants to specific person(s) ─ the arbitral tribunal is an organization that has coherent arbitration structures and rules, and also has a different function from the case arbitration. And for this reason, it has undeniable advantages, such as the special way of providing services to the litigants in order to select an arbitrator and monitor the sentencing process. Considering the importance of the performance of this institution, the reason for addressing this issue is to explain the subject of research as much as possible, and to examine the foundations of its legitimacy. The results of this study, which is written in an analytical manner, are as follows: The votes issued by this institution, like the votes issued by the Dispute Resolution Council, are binding and can be considered as a subset of the Dispute Resolution Council. Meanwhile, the legitimacy of its activities stems from the breadth of the meaning of the verses, narrations, and reasoning on the manners and reason of wisdom. Also, the practice of the wise in trying to take care of the affairs of others in times of conflicts, and invoking the rules of jurisprudence as a necessity to repel harm ─ an example of benevolence and charity ─ confirms the legitimacy of the organization's activities.
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