Performance Evaluation Criteria for Nigerian Government Buildings: A Case Study of Kwara State Secretariat Buildings

Subject Areas : Architecture

Oladapo Makinde ¹ , Olugbenga ALABI ² , Abdulrasaq AYINLA AYINLA ³ , Olubukunmi MAKINDE ⁴

1 - Department of Architecture, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
2 - Department of Architecture, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso
3 - Department of Architecture, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso
4 - Department of Estate Management, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State.

Received: 2023-05-22 Accepted : 2024-01-10 Published : 2024-06-09

Keywords: Design Guide, Secretariat Buildings, Performance Criteria, Post Occupancy Evaluation,

Abstract :

State secretariat buildings need improvement in performance, functional efficiency, ventilation, and daylighting. There is a need to conduct a post-occupation evaluation (POE) to investigate users' satisfaction with the building. This study examined the conditions of facilities provided in the building and the users' requirements to guide the secretariat building design. The study obtained data from both primary and secondary sources. Four buildings occupied by the Ministries of Works, Water Resources, Communication, and Energy, with sixty offices each, were randomly selected. Selected 105 buildings representing 10% of the staff in the buildings chosen were set for questionnaire administration. Data obtained were analyzed using frequency counts and percentages. The condition of facilities provided in the different spaces shows that the adequacy of the storage facility (CFI=2.71), natural daylighting in offices (CFI=2.87), environmental landscape (CF=2.84), and proximity to parking space (CFI=2.71) was in good condition. The result for Functional Performance in the Ministries of Water Resources (POEI=3.60) is the highest among all four ministries. For technical performance, the Ministries of Works and Water Resources were rated highest (POEI=3.46). Similarly, for Behavioural Performance, the Ministry of Communication was rated highest (POEI=3.35). The POEI for each building shows that Ministries of Water Resources rated the highest (POEI=3.38) while Works rated the least (POEI=3.22). The study concluded that users are moderately satisfied with the building; however, there is a need to provide additional facilities, including elevators, stores, and parking spaces, to complement the existing ones.

References:

Akinwamide, D. O. (2018). Users' Performance Evaluation of Facilities Management Practice in Federal Secretariat Complex, Akure, Ondo State. American Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Vol. 4, No. 2, 2018, pp. 57-67 ISSN: 2381–6864 (Print); ISSN: 2381–6902 (Online). http://files.aiscience.org/journal/article/pdf/70200138.pdf
Allen & Clarke Policy and Regulatory Specialists Ltd (2015). A quick guide to effective secretariat services. By Allen, M. and Houliston, P. https://www.allenandclarke.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/AC_Quick_Guide_to_Secretariat.pdf. Access March, 2021
Almeida, A. P.; Sousa, V.; Silva, C. M. (2021). Methodology for Estimating Energy and Water Consumption Patterns in University Buildings: Case Study, Federal University of Roraima (UFRR). Heliyon 7 (2021) e08642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08642
Anderson A., Cheung, A., Lei, M., (2014). Evaluation of Hong Kong's Indoor Air Quality Management Programme: Certification Scheme, Objectives, and Technology (Bachelor of Science Project Report). Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA. https://www.google.com/url?client=internal-element- cse&cx=000720435508958471272:rc6nvyxujvq&q=https://digital.wpi.edu/downloads/pv63g078r&sa=U&ved=2ahUKEwjU- v2q38CCAxX8VKQEHd5ZC8EQFnoECAIQAg&usg=AOvVaw159AYIdVi2TUoQqDXrTy74

Barlex M. J, Blyth A., Gilby A. (2006). Guide to Post Occupancy Evaluation. Department of Property and Construction, School of Architecture and the Built Environment University of Westminster, pp. 5. http://www.smg.ac.uk/documents/POEBrochureFinal06.pdf
Bordass, B., Leaman, A. and Ruyssevelt, P. (2010). "Assessing Building Performance in Use 5: Conclusions and Implications", Building Research and Information, Vol. 29 No. 2, special issue: Post-occupancy evaluation, pp. 144-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613210010008054
Choi, J. H., Loftness, V., Aziz, A. (2012). Post-Occupancy Evaluation of 20 Office Buildings as a Basis for Future IEQ Standards and Guidelines.EnergyBuild.46, 167–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613210010008054
Christine, S. N., Sanchez L. D., and Lacerda, A. P. (2019). A Systematic Review of Building Performance Evaluation Criteria (BPE). Revista de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Control de Calidad, Patología y Recuperación de la Construcción, vol. 9, no. 1, A. C., México DOI: https://doi.org/10.21041/ra.v9i1.260
Duffy, F., (2008). Building Appraisal: A Personal View.J. Build. Apprais. 4(3), 149–156.
Edidiong, U. (2019). Exploring Post Occupancy Evaluation as a Sustainable Tool for Assessing Building Performance in Developing Countries. Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.25.2.21176.
Faris A. M. (2017). Performance Assessment of Buildings via Post-Occupancy Evaluation: A Case Study of the Building of the Architecture and Software Engineering Departments in Salahaddin University-Erbil, Iraq https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2017.06.004
Fatoye, E.O., Odusami, K. T., (2009). Occupants' Satisfaction Approach to Housing Performance Evaluation: The Case of Nigeria. In: Proceedings of the RICSCOBRA Research Conference, University of Cape Town 10-11 September 2009. Available at: (http://dx. doi.org/http://www.rics.org/cobraS)
Gurcharan S. & Jagdish S. (2009). Building Planning Designing and Scheduling, standard publishers distributors, Delhi, 2009. https://www.amazon.com/Building-Planning-Designing-Scheduli-Gurcharan/dp/8180140059
Hanif, M., Hafeez, S., Riaz, A., (2010). Factors Affecting Customer Satisfaction. Int. Res.J. Finance. Econ.60, 44–52. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266888165_Factors_Affecting_Customer_Satisfaction
Hassanain, M.A., (2008). On the Performance Evaluation of Sustainable Student Housing Facilities. J. Facil. Manag. 6(3), 212– 225. https://doi.org/10.1108/14725960810885989
Hindustan Times, (2011). Capital Story: Managing a New Delhi. Archived from the original on 8 December 2012
Hou, H. C., Wang, Y., Lan, H. (2023). Student Residential Apartment Performance Evaluation Using Integrated AHP-FCE Method. Journal of Building Engineering Volume 67, 15 May 2023, 106000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.106000Get rights and content.
Ibem, E.O., Opoko, A.P., Adeboye, A.B., Amole, D. (2013). Performance Evaluation of Residential Buildings in Public Housing Estates in Ogun State: Users' Satisfaction Perspective. Front. Archit. Res.2, 178–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2013.02.001
Ilesanmi, A.O. (2010). Post-Occupancy Evaluation and Residents' Satisfaction with Public Housing in Lagos, Nigeria. J. Build. Apprais. 6(2), 153–169. DOI:10.1057/JBA.2010.20. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057/jba.2010.20.pdf
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA), (2000): IESNA Lighting Handbook 9th ed. Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, New York.
International Organization for Standardization (IOS), (2011). Central Secretariat 1, chde la Voie-Creuse CP 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20 Switzerland
Kanire, G., (2013). Social Science Research Methodology: Concepts, Methods, and Computer Applications. GRIN Verlag, Germany. https://www.grin.com/document/203950
Khalil, N. Husin, H. N., Wahab, L. A., Kamal, K. S. Mahat, N. (2011). Performance Evaluation of Indoor Environment Towards Sustainability for Higher Educational Buildings. US-China Education Review. A 2 (2011) 188-195 Earlier title: US-China Education Review, ISSN 1548-6613. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED524814.pdf
Kim, S., Yang, I., Yeo, M., Kim, K., (2005). Development of a Housing Performance Evaluation Model for Multi-Family Residential Buildings in Korea. Building and Environment. Vol.40, issue 8, pp.1103–1116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.09.014
Lawrence, A. M. (2012). Post Occupancy Evaluation of on-campus Students' Hall of Residence "A Case Study of Obafemi Awolowo Hall of Residence Ile-Ife." Greener Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research, 2012; 3(1): 1–11. https://doi. org/10.15580/GJSETR.2013.1.103112175
Makinde O.O, (2022). Residents' Socioeconomic Characteristics and Types of Gated Communities as Significant Determinants of Neighbourhood Safety in Ibadan, Nigeria. International Journal of Real Estate Studies. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11113/intrest.v16n1.151
Makinde, O.O. (2016). Evaluating Public Housing Quality in Ogun State, Nigeria. Journal of Environment, Development and Sustainability, Publisher Springer, Volume 18, No 3. DOI: https://doi:10.1007/s10668-016-9832-5
Makinde, O.O. (2020a). The Effects of Physical and Social Characteristics on Residents' Perception of Neighbourhood Quality in the Urban Environment. Journal of Human, Earth, and Future. Vol. 1, No. 3, September 2020. ISSN: 2785-299. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10. 28991/HEF-2020-01-03-03.
Makinde, O.O. (2020b). Design Factors as Determinants of Neighborhood Quality in the Urban Area of Ibadan, Nigeria. International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development. Vol. 10, No.3. Pp. 25-40. https://doi.org/10.30495/ijaud.2020.15952
Mamalougka, A., (2013). The Relationship Between User Satisfaction and Sustainable Building Performance: The Case Study of Leiderdorp's Town Hall Construction Management & Engineering (CME), Master. Delft University of Technology Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences (Available at http://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid:84162702-9e09-4e02-bc47 425a77ca38c9? Collection=research)
McKenna, A. (2021). Kwara state, Nigeria, Geography & Travel. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Kwara. Access March, 2021
Natasha, K.., Husrul, N. H., Abdul, H. N., and Ahmad, E. H. (2015). Post-Occupancy Evaluation for Performance Evaluation of Building Facilities in Higher Educational Buildings. Conference: 9th International Seminar in Sustainable Environment (SENVAR) & 2nd Architecture International Symposium & Exhibition (ISESEE) In Sustainable Energy & Environment At Shah Alam, Malaysia. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312309865
Nawawi, A.H., Khalil N. (2008). Post-Occupancy Evaluation Correlated with Building Occupants' Satisfaction: An Approach to Performance Evaluation of Government and Public Buildings. J. Build. Apprais.4 (2), 59–69. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057/jba.2008.22.pdf
Nkpite, B. S., Deeyah, C. L., Kpunpamo, O. B., Kpalap, E. M. and Sani, K. S. (2019). Functionality of Post Occupancy Evaluation as a Measure for Performance in Public School Buildings. International Journal of Management and Marketing System. ISSN: 2384-537X, Vol. 13, Issue 5, pp. 40 – 49. https://www.arcnjournals.org/images/ARCN-IJMMS-2019-13-5-4.pdf
Okolie, K. C and Shakantu, W. M. (2012). Educational Building Performance Evaluation Practices and Perceptions: A Case of Federal Universities in South East Nigeria. Journal of Construction Project Management and Innovation Vol. 2 (2): 314-330, ISSN 2223-7852. https://journals.uj.ac.za/index.php/JCPMI/article/view/27/19
Okoye P. U., Ngwu, C., Okolie, K. C., Ohaedeghasi C. I. (2020). Severity of Impact of Music Acoustics on Sustainability Performance of Buildings in Anambra State Nigeria. Energy and Environmental Engineering 7(2): 13-26, DOI: 10.13189/eee.2020.070201
Oladoja, B. I. (2015). Performance Evaluation of Primary Health Care (PHC) Buildings in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). A Dissertation Submitted to the School of Postgraduate Studies, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. In partial Fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Masters of Science in the Project Management Department of Quantity Surveying Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. https://kubanni.abu.edu.ng/bitstreams/b9d55061-8be4-44e3-852e- 4f0af62714e5/download
Olagunju, R. E., Adedayo, O. F., Ayuba, P., Abiodun, O. (2013). Maintenance of the federal secretariat complex Minna, Niger State: A post-occupancy evaluation approach. Developing Country Studies, 3(4): 106-116. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234681046.pdf
Olanipekun E. A., Olugboyega O., and Ojelabi R. A. (2017). An Integrated Building Performance Index for Assessing Office Buildings in Nigeria. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology. 22(6): 1-19, Article no. CJAST.33904, ISSN: 2231-0843, NLM ID: 101664541. DOI: 10.9734/CJAST/2017/33904
Oliver, R. L. (1981). Measurement and evaluation of satisfaction process in a retail setting. J.Retail. 57(3), 25–48. http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1984-10995-001
Oseland N. A., (2007). British Council for Offices Guide to Post-Occupancy Evaluation. London: BCO. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-occupancy_evaluation#cite_ref-2
Parag, G. N. & Shivani, B. (2019). Study of Form and Function of an Administrative Building. Journal of the Indian Institute of Architects. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360318174_Study_of_Form_and_Function_of_an_Administrative_Building
Parker, C. & Mathews, B.P. (2001). "Customer satisfaction: contrasting academic and consumers' interpretations," Marketing Intelligence & Planning, Vol. 19 No. 1, pp. 38–44. https://doi.org/10.1108/02634500110363790
Praveen M., Dani J., Donna R., Jitha K.R, Treesa, V. M. (2015). Functional Planning of an Administrative Building. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), ISSN: 2278-0181 IJERTV4IS030897 www.ijert.org Vol. 4 Issue 03. https://www.ijert.org/research/functional-planning-of-an-administrative-building- IJERTV4IS030897.pdf
Preiser, W. F. E., Schramm, U. (2012). Intelligent Office Building Performance Evaluation. Retrieved from http:// www.emeraldinsight.com Accessed on 27/06/2022
Preiser, W. F., White, E., & Rabinowitz, H. (2015). Post-Occupancy Evaluation (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315713519
Preiser, W. F. E. (1995). Post-Occupancy Evaluation: How to Make Buildings Work Better. Journal of Facilities 13 (11), pp19 – 28. https://doi.org/10.1108/02632779510097787
Preiser, W.F. E. (2002). The Evolution of Post Occupancy Evaluation: Towards Building Performance and Design Evaluation. Washington: Federal Facilities Council, National Academy Press, pp9 – 22. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236144288_The_evolution_of_post- occupancy_evaluation_Toward_building_performance_and_universal_design_evaluation
Preiser, W.F.E., Rabinowitz, H.Z., White, E.T. (1988). Post Occupancy Evaluation. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.
Preiser, W.F.E., Vischer, J.C. (Eds.) (2004). Assessing Building Performance: Methods and Case Studies. Elsevier, Oxford, UK.
Preiser, W.F.E., Vischer, J.C. (Eds.), (2005). Assessing Building Performance. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.
Preiser,W.F.E., Schramm,U.,(1998). Building performance evaluation in Watson D, Crosbie M.J, Callender J.H (Eds), Time saver Standards 7th Ed. McGraw Hill, New York, pp. 233–238.
Gupta, R. Gregg, M., Manu, S., Vaidya, P., & Dixit, M. (2019). Customized performance evaluation approach for Indian green buildings, Building Research & Information, 47:1, 56–74, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2019.1525962
Rathnayake. R.M.D.I.M., Sridarran. P. & Abeynayake, M.D.T.E. (2020). Total Building Performance Mandates in Building Evaluation: A Review. FARU 2020 Proceedings. http://dl.lib.uom.lk/bitstream/handle/123/16543/FARU_2020- 17. pdf?sequence=1
Sanni-Anibire, M.O., Hassanain, M.A., Al-Hammad, M.A., (2016). Post-occupancy evaluation of housing facilities: Overview and Summary of Methods, Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, February 2016. https://doi. org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000868
Sanni-Anibire, M. O., Hassanain, M. A. (2016). Quality assessment of student housing facilities through post-occupancy evaluation Architectural Engineering and Design Management, Volume 12, 2016 - Issue 5. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2016.1176553
Shadare, O. (2019). Total Building Performance Evaluation (Cases of Selected Buildings within Federal College of Education, Akinmorin, Oyo State). Afribary. Retrieved from https://afribary.com/works/total-building-performance-evaluation
Yang, T. (2014). The Design Patterns of Administrative Building: Precedent Studies and Designing Fenggang Administrative Centre. Published Ph.D. Thesis, School of Architecture University of Hawai. https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstreams/6a6f532c-1fff-474f-add0-96dff2295b9b/download
Ueltschy L. C., Laroche, M., Eggert, A., Bind l, U., (2007). Service Quality and Satisfaction: An International Comparison of Professional Services Perceptions. J. Serv. Mark.21 (6), 410–423. https://doi.org/10.1108/08876040710818903
Van der Voordt, T.J.M., Van Wegen, H.B.R., (2005). Architecture in Use: An Introduction to the Programming, Design, and Evaluation of Buildings. Elsevier, Oxford. https://www.routledge.com/Architecture-In-Use/Voordt- Wegen/p/book/9780750664578
Vischer, J. (2002). Post Occupancy Evaluation: A Multifaceted Tool for Building Improvement: United States: Federal Facilities Council. The National Academy Press, pp. 23 – 34.
Watson, C. (2003). Review of Building Quality Using Post-Occupancy Evaluation. Journal of Programme Education Building. Vol. 35, pp. 1–5. https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/715204518780
Watt, D., (2007). Building Pathology 2nd edition. Blackwell, Oxford. https://www.wiley.com/en- ca/Building+Pathology%3A+Principles+and+Practice%2C+2nd+Edition-p-9781405161039#download-product-flyer
Wilkinson S. J., Reed R. G., Jailani J. (2011). User Satisfaction in Sustainable Office Buildings: A Preliminary Study. In: Proceedings of the 17th Pacific Rim Real Estate Society Annual Conference, Pacific Rim Real Estate Society, Gold Coast, Qld. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.10.412
Yu, X., Liu, L., Wu, X., Wu, X., Wang, Z., Liu, Q., & Shi, G. (2017). On a post-occupancy evaluation study of effects of occupant behavior on indoor environment quality in college buildings in Chongqing. Procedia Engineering, 205, pp 623–627.
Zubairu, S. N. (1999). Maintenance of Government Office Buildings in Nigeria: A Post-Occupancy Evaluation Approach. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Lagos, Nigeria. ent