Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in β-Lactoglobulin Gene and Its Association with Milk Composition in Iranian Indigenous Khalkhali Goats

Subject Areas : Camel

ن. هدایت-ایوریق ¹ , S. Zalpour ² , R. Seyed Sharifi ³ , R. Khalkhali-Evrigh ⁴ , B. Navidshad ⁵ , K. Pourasad ⁶ , H. Shirzadi ⁷

1 - گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
2 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
5 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
6 - Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
7 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran

Received: 2019-09-29 Accepted : 2019-11-30 Published : 2020-12-01

Keywords: Genetic variation, milk composition, SNP, <i>BLG</i> gene, Khalkhali breed,

Abstract :

β-lactoglobulin is one of the important milk proteins in several ruminants like goats, sheep and cattle. This study was performed to investigate the genetic polymorphism of exon 7 and 3’ UTR region of β-lactoglobulin (BLG) gene and its association with milk composition in 120 unrelated individuals of Iranian indigenous Khalkhali goats. Purified polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products (427 bp) were sequenced under standard conditions using Sanger sequencing. Alignment of sequenced fragments against reference sequence leads to identification of one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), substitution A (frequency equal to 0.44) to C (frequency equal to 0.56) in the 3’ UTR region of BLG gene. Observed frequencies of AA, AC and CC genotypes were 0.12, 0.64 and 0.24, respectively. The effects of identified genotypes on milk composition were analysed using general linear model. We found that BLG gene genotypes have a significant effect on milk parameters except for lactose percentage (p < 0.05). The milk of goats with AA and AC genotypes had higher protein and fat percentages, respectively, in compaired with other genotypes (p < 0.05). Obtained results revealed that, identified genotypes in the BLG gene of Khalkhali goats is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

References:

Caravaca F., Ares J.L., Carrizosa J., Urrutia B., Baena F., Jordana J., Badaoui B., Sànchez A., Angiolillo A., Amills M. and Serradilla, J.M. (2011). Effects of α s1-casein (CSN1S1) and κ-casein (CSN3) genotypes on milk coagulation properties in Murciano-Granadina goats. J. Dairy Res. 78, 32-37.

Cardona S.J.C., Cadavid H.C., Corrales J.D., Munilla S., Cantet R.J. and Rogberg-Muñoz A. (2016). Longitudinal data analysis of polymorphisms in the κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin genes shows differential effects along the trajectory of the lactation curve in tropical dairy goats. J. Dairy Sci. 99, 7299-7307.

Çelik Ş. and Özdemir S. (2006). β-lactoglobulin variants in Awassi and Morkaraman sheep and their association with the composition and rennet clotting time of the milk. Turkish J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 30, 539-544.

Currò S., De Marchi M., Claps S., Salzano A., De Palo P., Manuelian C.L. and Neglia G. (2019). Differences in the detailed milk mineral composition of Italian local and Saanen goat breeds. Animals. 9, 412-420.

Da Costa W.K.A., de Souza E.L., Beltrao-Filho E.M., Vasconcelos G.K.V., Santi-Gadelha T., de Almeida Gadelha C.A., Franco O.L., do Egypto R.D.C.R. and Magnani M. (2014). Comparative protein composition analysis of goat milk produced by the Alpine and Saanen breeds in northeastern Brazil and related antibacterial activities. PLoS One. 9, e93361.

Dagnachew B.S., Thaller G., Lien S. and Ådnøy T. (2011). Casein SNP in Norwegian goats: Additive and dominance effects on milk composition and quality. Genet. Sel. Evol. 43, 31-38.

Dettori M.L., Pazzola M., Paschino P., Pira M.G. and Vacca G.M. (2015). Variability of the caprine whey protein genes and their association with milk yield, composition and renneting properties in the Sarda breed: 2. The LALBA gene. J. Dairy Res. 82, 434-441.

El Hanafy A.A.M., Qureshi M.I., Sabir J., Mutawakil M., Ahmed M.M.M., El Ashmaoui H., Ramadan H.A.M.I., Abou-Alsoud M. and Sadek M.A. (2015). Nucleotide sequencing and DNA polymorphism studies of β-lactoglobulin gene in native Saudi goat breeds in relation to milk yield. Czech J. Anim. Sci. 60, 132-138.

FAOSTAT. (2017). Database of the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. Availabe at: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home.

Ganai N.A., Bovenhuis H., Van Arendonk J.A.M. and Visker M.H.P.W. (2009). Novel polymorphisms in the bovine β‐lactoglobulin gene and their effects on β‐lactoglobulin protein concentration in milk. Anim. Genet. 40, 127-133.

Gharedaghi L., Shahrbabak H.M. and Sadeghi M. (2016). Identification of novel SNP in caprine β-lactoglobulin gene. J. Genet. 95, 485-490.

Gras M.A., Pistol G.C., Pelmus R.S., Lazar C., Grosu H. and Ghita E. (2016). Relationship between gene polymorphism and milk production traits in Teleorman Black Head sheep breed. Rev. MVZ Córdoba. 21, 5124-5136.

Haenlein G.F.W. (2007). About the evolution of goat and sheep milk production. Small Rumin. Res. 68, 3-6.

Kapila R., Kavadi P.K. and Kapila S. (2013). Comparative evaluation of allergic sensitization to milk proteins of cow, buffalo and goat. Small Rumin. Res. 112, 191-198.

Karimi K., Beigi Nassiri M.T., Mirzadeh K., Ashayerizadeh A., Roushanfekr H. and Fayyazi J. (2009). Polymorphism of the b-lactoglobulin gene and its association with milk production traits in Iranian Najdi cattle. Iranian J. Biotechnol. 7, 82-85.

Kawecka A. and Radko A. (2011). Genetic polymorphism of β-lactoglobulin in sheep raised for milk production. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 39, 68-71.

Kondyli E., Svarnas C., Samelis J. and Katsiari M.C. (2012). Chemical composition and microbiological quality of ewe and goat milk of native Greek breeds. Small Rumin. Res. 103, 194-199.

Kumar A., Rout P.K. and Roy R. (2006). Polymorphism of β-lacto globulin gene in Indian goats and its effect on milk yield. J. Appl. Genet. 47, 49-53.

Martin P., Szymanowska M., Zwierzchowski L. and Leroux C. (2002) The impact of genetic polymorphisms on the protein composition of ruminant milks. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 42, 433-459.

Mohsin A.Z., Sukor R., Selamat J., Hussin A.S.M. and Ismail I.H. (2019). Chemical and mineral composition of raw goat milk as affected by breed varieties available in Malaysia. Int. J. Food Prop. 22, 815-824.

Naderi S., Rezaei H.R., Pompanon F., Blum M.G., Negrini R., Naghash H.R., Balkız Ö., Mashkour M., Gaggiotti O.E., Ajmone-Marsan P. and Kence A. (2008). The goat domestication process inferred from large-scale mitochondrial DNA analysis of wild and domestic individuals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105, 17659-17664.

Ozdemir M., Kopuzlu S., Topal M. and Bilgin O.C. (2018). Relationships between milk protein polymorphisms and production traits in cattle: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch. Anim. Breed. 61, 197-206.

Özmen Ö. and Kul S. (2016). Investigating the genetic polymorphism in the exon 2 region of ovine β-lactoglobulin gene and its association with some milk traits. Ankara Univ. Vet. Fak. Derg. 63, 323-328.

Palmeri M., Mastrangelo S., Sardina M.T. and Portolano B. (2014). Genetic variability at α s 2-casein gene in Girgentana dairy goat breed. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 13, 2997-3001.

Pena R.N., Sanchez A. and Folch J.M. (2000). Characterization of genetic polymorphism in the goat β-lactoglobulin gene. J. Dairy Res. 67, 217-224.

Rijnkels M. (2002). Multispecies comparison of the casein gene loci and evolution of casein gene family. J. Mamm. Gland Biol. Neoplas. 7, 327-345.

Sanger F., Nicklen S. and Coulson A.R. (1977). DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 74, 5463-5467.

Sardina M.T., Rosa A.J.M., Davoli R., Braglia S. and Portolano B. (2012). Polymorphisms of β-lactoglobulin promoter region in three Sicilian goat breeds. Mol. Biol. Rep. 39, 3203-3210.

SAS Institute. (2004). SAS^®/STAT Software, Release 9.2. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.

Selvaggi M., Laudadio V., Dario C. and Tufarelli V. (2015). β-lactoglobulin gene polymorphisms in sheep and effects on milk production traits: A review. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 3, 478-484.

Silanikove N., Leitner G., Merin U. and Prosser C.G. (2010). Recent advances in exploiting goat's milk: Quality, safety and production aspects. Small Rumin. Res. 89, 110-124.

Staiger E.A., Thonney M.L., Buchanan J.W., Rogers E.R., Oltenacu P.A. and Mateescu R.G. (2010). Effect of prolactin, β-lactoglobulin, and κ-casein genotype on milk yield in East Friesian sheep. J. Dairy Sci. 93, 1736-1742.

Tamura K., Stecher G., Peterson D., Filipski A. and Kumar S. (2013). MEGA6: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Mol. Biol. Evol. 30, 2725-2729.

Todaro M., Scatassa M.L. and Giaccone P. (2005). Multivariate factor analysis of Girgentana goat milk composition. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 4, 403-410.

Van Laere A.S., Nguyen M., Braunschweig M., Nezer C., Collette C., Moreau L., Archibald A.L., Haley C.S., Buys N., Tally M. and Andersson G. (2003). A regulatory mutation in IGF2 causes a major QTL effect on muscle growth in the pig. Nature. 425, 832-841.

Vidovic V., Lukac D., Nemes Z. and Trivunovic S. (2014). β-lactoglobulin genetic variants in Serbian Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle and their association with yield and quality of milk. Anim. Sci. Pap. Rep. 32(2), 179-182.

Yang F., Li L., Liu H., Cai Y. and Wang G. (2012). Polymorphism in the exon 4 of β-lactoglobulin variant B precursor gene and its association with milk traits and protein structure in Chinese Holstein. Mol. Biol. Rep. 39, 3957-3964.