Modelling of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Wheat Production in Irrigated and Rain-Fed Systems in Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran

Subject Areas : Environmental policy and management

سید مسعود معتمد الشریعتی ¹ , حسن صدرنیا ² , محمد حسین آق خانی ³ , مهدی خجسته‌پور ⁴

1 - دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد مکانیزاسیون، گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، پردیس بین‌الملل دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
2 - دانشیار گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
3 - استاد گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
4 - دانشیار گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

Received: 2015-11-11 Accepted : 2016-01-25 Published : 2017-03-01

Keywords: carbon dioxide, environment, modelling, diesel fuel, greenhouse gas emissions,

Abstract :

Agriculture has a key role in greenhouse gas emissions. As such, the present study aimed to evaluate the greenhouse gas emissions from wheat production in irrigated and rain-fed systems. The primary data were collected from 116 wheat farmers. The results showed that the total greenhouse gas emissions from wheat production in irrigated and rain-fed systems were 637.8 and 65.12 kgCO2eq, respectively. The diesel fuel was the largest contributor to the total greenhouse gas emissions in irrigated systems with the share of 33%. Moreover, these inputs accounted for the highest share of greenhouse gas emissions in rain-fed system. The results of Cobb-Douglas model highlighted that the effects of inputs, including machinery, diesel fuel, electricity, and farmyard manure were positive on the yield in irrigated systems. However, the effect of chemical fertilizer and biocide inputs was negative on wheat yield. On the other hand, the effects of all inputs were positive on wheat yield in rain-fed system. The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that one kg increase in greenhouse gas emissions from chemical fertilizer and biocide would result in 0.28 and 0.15 kg loss of yield, respectively.

References:

Dyer, J. A., & Desjardins. R. L. (2003). Simulated farm fieldwork, energy consumption and related greenhouse gas emissions in Canada. Biosystems Engineering, 85(4), 503-513.

Dyer, J. A., & Desjardins, R. L. (2006). Carbon dioxide emissions associated with the manufacturing of tractors and farm machinery in Canada. Biosystems Engineering, 93(1), 107-118.

Fallahi, H., Abbaspour-Fard, M. H., Azhari, A., Khojastehpour, M., & Nikkhah, A. (2016). Ergonomic assessment of drivers in MF285 and MF399 tractors during clutching using algometer. Information Processing in Agriculture, 3 (1), 54-60.

Firouzi, S., Nikkhah, A., Khojastehpour, M. & M Holden, N., 2016. Energy use efficiency, GHG emissions, and carbon efficiency of paddy rice production in Iran. Energy Equipment and Systems, 4(2), 169-176.

Khojastehpour, M., Nikkhah, A., & Hashemabadi, D. (2015). A comparative study of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of canola production. International Journal of Agricultural  Management and Development, 5 (1), 51-58.

Khoshnevisan, B., Rafiee, S., Omid, M., Yousefi, M., & Movahedi, M. (2013). Modeling of  energy consumption and GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions in wheat production in Esfahan province of Iran using artificial neural networks. Energy, 52, 333-338.

Lal, R. (2004). Carbon emission from farm operations. Environment International, 30(7), 981- 990.

Liang, S., Xu, M., & Zhang, T. (2013). Life cycle assessment of biodiesel production in China.  Bioresource Technology, 129, 72-77.

Mirhaji, H., Khojastehpour, M., & Abaspour-Fard, M. H. (2013). Environmental Effects of wheat production in the Marvdasht region. Journal of Natural Environment, 66 (2), 223-232 (In Persian).

Mobtaker, H. G., Akram, A., & Keyhani, A. (2012). Energy use and sensitivity analysis of energy inputs for alfalfa production in Iran. Energy for Sustainable Development, 16(1), 84- 89.

Nikkhah, A., Emadi, B., & Firouzi, S. (2015a). Greenhouse gas emissions footprint of agricultural production in Guilan province of Iran. Sustainable Energy Technologies and   Assessments, 12, 10–14.

Nikkhah, A., Emadi, B., Soltanali, H., Firouzi, S., Rosentrater, K.A. & Allahyari, M.S., 2016. Integration of life cycle assessment and Cobb-Douglas modeling for the environmental assessment of kiwifruit in Iran. Journal of Cleaner Production, 137, 843-849.

Nikkhah, A., Khojastehpour, M., Emadi, B., Taheri-Rad, A., & Khorramdel, S. (2015b). Environmental impacts of peanut production system using life cycle assessment  methodology. Journal of Cleaner Production, 92, 84-90.

Pishgar-Komleh, S. H., Omid, M., &Heidari, M. D., (2013). On the study of energy use and GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions in greenhouse cucumber production in Yazd Province. Energy, 59, 63-71.

Pishgar-Komleh, S.H., Keyhani, A., Rafiee, S., & Sefeedpary. P. (2011). Energy use and economic analysis of corn silage production under three cultivated area levels in Tehran  province of Iran. Energy, 36, 3335-3341.

Pishgar-Komleh, S.H., Sefeedpari, P., & Ghahderijani, M. (2012b). Exploring energy consumption and CO [sub 2] emission of cotton production in Iran. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 4, 33115-33114.

Pishgar-Komleh, SH., Ghahderijani, M., & Sefeedpari, P. (2012a). Energy consumption and CO₂ emissions analysis of potato production based on different farm size levels in Iran. Journal of  Cleaner Production, 33, 183-191.

Rafiee, S., Mousavi-Avval, S.H., & Mohammadi, A. (2010). Modeling and sensitivity analysis of energy inputs for apple production in Iran. Energy, 35, 3301-3306.

Royan, M., Khojastehpour, M., Emadi, B., &Mobtaker, H. G. (2012). Investigation of energy inputs for peach production using sensitivity analysis in Iran. Energy Conversion and     Management, 64, 441-446.

Snedecor, G. W., & Cochran, W. G. (1980). Statistical methods. Iowa State University  Press,USA

Soltanali, H., Emadi, B., Rohani, A., Khojastehpour, M., & Nikkhah, A. (2015). Life cycle assessment modeling of milk production in Iran. Information Processing in Agriculture, 2(2),  101-108.

Soltanali, H., Emadi, B., Rohani, A., Khojastehpour, M., & Nikkhah, A. (2016). Optimization of energy consumption in milk production units through integration of DEA approach and sensitivity analysis. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 6(1), 15-23.

Soltani, A., Rajabi, M.H., Zeinali, E., Soltani, E. (2013). Energy inputs and greenhouse gases emissions in wheat production in Gorgan, Iran. Energy, 50, 54-61.

Van der Maas, C.W.M., Coenen, P.W.H.G., Zijlema,  P.J.,  Brandes,  L.J.,  Baas, K., Van den Berghe,  G.,  Van den Born, G.J., Guis, B., Geilenkirchen, G., Te Molder, R., Nijdam, D.S., Olivier, J.G.J., Peek, C.J., Van Schijndel,  M.W., &vanderSluis, S.M. (2009). Greenhouse   Gas Emissions in the Netherlands 1990–2007. National Inventory Report Netherlands  Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL), Bilthoven.

Yousefi, M., Mahdavi Damghani, A., Khoramivafa, M. 2016. Comparison greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and global warming potential (GWP) effect of energy use, in different wheat agroecosystems in Iran. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(8), 7390-7397.