واکاوی فن شش کلاه تفکر به‌عنوان روش تدریس نوین؛ یک مطالعه فراترکیب
محورهای موضوعی : خلاقیت و نوآوری از جنبه‏های روان‏شناختی، علوم شناختی، علوم تربیتی و آموزشی (خلاقیت شناسی روان‏شناختی، خلاقیت شناسی پرورشی)
الهام رامشینی
1
,
مرضیه دهقانی
2
1 - کارشناسی ارشد برنامه ریزی درسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 - عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه تهران گروه روش ها و برنامه های آموزشی و درسی
کلید واژه: روش تدریس نوین, فن شش کلاه تفکر, ادوارد‌دوبونو, فراترکیب.,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده ضرورت به‌کارگیری روش‌های تدریس نوین و مبتنی بر حل‌مسئله و تفکر در نظام آموزشی کشور، سبب شد پژوهشی با هدف واکاوی فن شش کلاه تفکر دوبونو به‌عنوان یک روش تدریس خلاق و نقش آن در بهبود آموزش و تدریس انجام گیرد. پژوهش حاضر با روش فراترکیب و گام‌های هفت‌گانه سندلوسکی و باروس (2006)، 114 مقاله و منابع مرتبط با موضوع پژوهش را مورد ارزیابی قرار داده-است. طی مراحل فراترکیب و تحلیل داده‌ها، 37 مقاله و منبع با معیارهای مورد پذیرش، منطبق بود و داده‌ها از طریق فرم چک‌لیست محقق‌ساخته تحلیل شدند. جهت بررسی قابلیت اعتماد یافته‌ها از ملاک-های خودبازبینی محقق، مرور همتایان و نظرسنجی متخصصان بهره گرفته‌شد. طبق یافته‌های پژوهش، استفاده از فن شش کلاه تفکر به‌عنوان یک روش تدریس نوین، بر سه مضمون اصلی تفکر (تفکرخلاق، انتقادی، موازی و سازماندهی افکار)، یادگیری (یادگیری عمیق، مهارت‌های شناختی و پیشرفت تحصیلی) و مهارت‌های عاطفی (مشارکت و تعامل، ایجاد انگیزه، خودکارآمدی و مهارت‌های گفتگو) مؤثر است. بنابراین الگوی ارائه شده، برنامه‌ریزان و معلمان را در ارتقای کیفیت تدریس، بهبود شرایط یاددهی‌یادگیری و پرورش فراگیرانی متفکر کمک می‌کند.
Abstract The necessity of using new teaching methods based on problem solving and thinking in the education system of the country caused a research to be conducted with the aim of analyzing the technique of the six thinking hats of De Bono as a creative teaching method and its role in improving education and teaching. The current research has evaluated 114 articles and sources related to the research topic with the metacombination method and the seven steps of Sandelowski and Baros (2006). During the data synthesis and analysis stages, 37 articles and sources were consistent with the accepted criteria, and the data were analyzed through a researcher-made checklist form. In order to check the reliability of the findings, the criteria of researcher self-review, peer review and expert survey were used. According to the findings of the research, the use of the six thinking hats technique as a new teaching method focuses on the three main themes of thinking (creative, critical, parallel and organizing thoughts), learning (deep learning, cognitive skills and academic progress) and emotional skills (participation and interaction). , motivation, self-efficacy and communication skills) is effective. Therefore, the presented model helps planners and teachers in improving the quality of teaching, improving teaching and learning conditions and nurturing thinking learners.
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