تخمین میزان کاهش آلاینده های محیطی در پارکینگ طبقاتی بوعلی قزوین با به کارگیری دیوارهای سبز

محورهای موضوعی : معماری

امیرحسین جان زاده ¹

1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد معماری، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی)ره(.

تاریخ دریافت : 1393/09/01 تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/05/12 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/09/01

کلید واژه: خیابان بوعلی قزوین, پارکینگ طبقاتی, آلایند هها, دیوار سبز,

چکیده مقاله :

هم گام با توسعه شهر قزوین و به تبع آن افزایش روزافزون خودروها در سطح شهر نیاز به پارکینگ به ویژه در مناطق متراکمشهر بیش از گذشته احساس م یشود. پارکینگ طبقاتی خیابان بوعلی قزوین نیز در همین راستا و در جهت بهره برداریاقتصادی از زمین و پاسخ به کمبود فضای پارکینگ در یکی از متراکم ترین مناطق شهری احداث شده است. در این پژوهشسعی بر تخمین میزان آلایند ههای ناشی از سوخت خودروها در محیط این پارکینگ و تعیین میزان کاهش آنها توسط دیوارسبز بوده است. روش به کار گرفته شده بر پایه ترکیبی از رو شهای کتابخانه ای و روش های آمار و مدل سازی عددی است.نتایج نشان م یدهد که هر 1m2 دیوار سبز موجود بر جدار ههای باز پارکینگ به میزان 757/7 μg از مجموع آلایند هها در هرثانیه و به میزان 1/ 26 % از کل آلایند ههای موجود م یکاهد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In recent decade, due the increase of cars emissions as well as Low per capita of green space, Pollutant concentrations has reached above the Public health standards in many developing cities of Iran. This problem led to an increase in sudden mortality rate in these urban areas. This situation in spaces with special functions such as multistory-car-parks is much more important. The expansion of Qazvin has led to an increase in the need for the parking facilities in dense urban areas. This problem has been solved by building underground and multi-story parking in these areas. Buali Street’s multi-story car parks are intended for economic exploitation in terms of land as well as meeting the need of parking space shortage for cars in one of the densest urban areas. Emissions caused by more than a thousand cars in the parking lot due to excessive condensation on parking site, increased the level of pollutants at this location. This problem needs to provide a way for reducing the level of pollutant and pollution.Nowadays vegetation is used as materials for building skin to mitigate the environmental problems. The green wall technology has wide application and significant benefits in term of Environments, saving energy, economy, psychology, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, prevention of heating islands, improve air quality, employment opportunities and aesthetic aspects. Given the role of plants in reducing urban pollutant and taking into account that urban green spaces and the trees on the edge of streets and parks can absorb pollutants only at low levels, so the possibility to create Vegetation at higher levels due to vertical growth of cities, can be an effective step in reducing the micron pollutants that has maximum concentration at the Levels above the ground and adjacent building openings. The system considered in this study is a special kind of green wall that includes climbing plants with a modular scaffold system that are used to provide support and direction for move the plants. To use this system in a building with multiple floors, such as those comes in this study we face, the plant that planted in a soil bed (medium), fixed to the part of the facades is required by using the support structure. After a few months (depending on the environmental conditions), the facade is covered with vegetation.This study intends to estimate the amount of contaminants arising from the cars’ emission in Bualistreet’s parking and determine the level of mitigation of pollution by green wall. The present study was based on a combination of library-based as well as statistical and numerical methods which are used to determine the concentration of carbon monoxide, lead and smokes in parking areas and to calculate the mitigation of these pollutants by big-leaf model. The result indicated that 1m2 of green wall on the Buali’s multi-story car park’s walls can reduced the emissions of pollutants in the 757.7μg per second. In other word these walls mitigated the air pollution in parking area as 26.1% and prevent them from being damaged.... Keywords: Multi storycar parks,Bualistreet of Qazvin, Pollutants, Green wall.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. توکلی، نیکی؛ و ماجدی، حمید. (1388). عملکرد محیط‌های سبز و طبیعی در ارتقاء سلامت روحی-روانی انسان. نشریه هویت شهر، 7(13)، 33-23.


2. طرح مجموعه شهری قزوین. (1392). مصوبه شورایعالی شهرسازی و معماری ایران در خصوص طرح مجموعه شهری قزوین، مجلس شورایاسلامی. بازیابی 19 فروردین 1393، از http://www.rooznamehrasmi.ir.


3. قیابکلو، زهرا. (1389). دیوار سبز گزینه ای جهت کاهش مصرف انرژی، مجموعه مقالات بهینه سازی مصرف انرژی. مرداد 3-2، (ص1132-1120). تهران: موسسه همایش صنعت.


4. کشتکار قلاتی، احمدرضا؛ و انصاری، مجتبی؛ و نازی دیزجی، سجاد. (1389). توسعه سامانه بام سبز بر اساس معیارهای توسعه پایدار در ایران. نشریه هویت شهر، 4(6)، 28-15.


5. میرزایی، معصومه؛ و بابالو، فاطمه. (1387)،بررسی ساختار تشریحی عشقهو تاثیر آلودگی هوا بر آن. مجله زیست شناسی تکوینی، 1(1)، 47-41.

 

1. Akbari, H.,Pomerantz, M., & Taha, H. (2001).Cool Surfaces and Shade Trees to Reduce Energy Use and Improve Air Quality in Urban Areas.Sol Energy, 70(3). 295–310.


2. Baldocchi, D.D., Hicks, B. B., &Camara, P. (1987).A Canopy StomatalResistance Model for Gaseous Deposition to Vegetated Surfaces. Atmospheric Environment, 21, 91–101.


3. Baltrenas,  P.,Ozkinis, V., Zigmontiene, A., &Paliulis, D. (1998). Investigation of Air Pollution at Metal Garage Places in Vilnius City. Environmental Engineering (AplinkosInzinerya), 3(1), 57-65.


4. Baltrenas, P., Kaziukoniene, D., & Kvasauskas, M. (2004).Air Pollution at Parking-Lots of Vilnius. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 3(1),38-43.


5. Barrat, R.S. (1985). Air Pollution Problems in Car Parks.  Environmental Pollution, (series B)9, 179-192.


6. Beckett, P.,  Freer-Smith, P., & Taylor, G. (2000).The Capture of Particulate Pollution by Trees at Five Contrasting Urban Sites. Arboric Journal, 24, 209–30.


7. Currie, B. A., & Bass, B. (2008). Estimates of Air PollutionMitigation with Green Plants and Green Roofs Using the UFORE Model. Urban Ecosystem, 11, 409–422.


8. De Kok, T., Driece, H., Hogervost, J., & Briede, J. (2006). ToxicologicalAssessment of Ambient and Traffic-Related Particulate Matter. AReview of Recent Studies, MutatRes , 613, 103–22.


9. Fox, M. (2006). Air PollutioninMulti-Story Car Parks.  PropertyManagement, 6(1), 35–39.


10. Freer-Smith, PH., Beckett, KP., & Taylor, G. (2005).Deposition Velocities toSorbus Aria, Acer Compestre, Populous Deltoids x Trichchocarpa ‘Beaupre’, PinuaNigra and CupressocyprusLeylandiifor Coarse Fine and Ultra-Fine Particulate in Urban Environment. Environmental Pollution, 133, 157-167.


11. 16.             Google earth pro V 7.1.2.2041. (10/10/ 2014). Qazvin, Iran. 36° 16’ 27.14”N, 50° 00’ 28.73”E, Eye alt 4288 feet. http://www.earth.google.com [Mars 2, 2015].


12. Joshi, S.V. (2014). On the Air Cleansing Efficiency of an Extended Green Wall: A CFD Analysis of Mechanistic Details of Transport Processes. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 361, 101-110.


13. McPherson, E. G., Scott, K. I., Simpson, J. R. (1998). Estimating Cost  Effectiveness of Residential Yard Trees for Improving Air Quality in Sacramento. California, Using Existing Models.  Atmos Environ, 32(1), 75–84.


14. Nowak, D. J., McHale, P. J., Ibarra, M., Crane, D., Stevens, J. C., & Luley, C. (1998).Modeling the Effects of Urban Vegetation on Air Pollution. Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XII, 22, 399-407.


15. Powe, N., & Willis, K. (2004). Mortality and Morbidity Benefits of Air Pollution (SO₂ and PM₁₀). Absorption Attributable to Woodland in Britain, 70, 119–28.


16. Pugh, T., MacKenzie, R.,Whyatt, D.,  Hewitt, N. (2014).Effectiveness of Green Infrastructure for Improvement of Air Quality in Urban Street Canyons. Environmental Science and Technology, 46, 7692-7699.


17.        Sternberg, T.,Viles, H., Cathersides, A., & Edwards, M. (2010). Dust Particulate Absorption  by Ivy (HederaHelixl) On Historic Walls in Urban Environments .Science of the Total Environment, 409, 162–168.