طراحی صحیح پنجره ها به منظور دستیابی به میزان نور روز مناسب در خانه های آپارتمانی شهر تهران

محورهای موضوعی : معماری

امین اله احدی ¹ , مصطفی مسعودی نژاد ² , آرمین پیریایی ³

1 - دانشجوی دکتری معماری اسلامی دانشگاه هنر اصفهان. )مسئول مکاتبات(
2 - عضو هیئت علمی دانشکده معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اهواز، اهواز، ایران.
3 - کارشناسی ارشد معماری گرایش طراحی فضاهای بهداشتی و درمانی دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1392/04/10 تاریخ پذیرش : 1392/08/25 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/03/01

کلید واژه: نور روز, سلامت جسم و روح, آپارتمان های مسکونی, شهر تهران,

چکیده مقاله :

امروزه مشکل تأمین مسکن برای تعداد زیادی از شهروندان کلان شهرها و گرایش به انبوهسازی و ساخت خانههای کوچک و ارزان آپارتمانی، باعث تضعیف کیفیت خانههای مسکونی شدهاست. یکی از عوامل کیفی با اهمیت در هر مسکنی، توجه به نور روز است که تأثیر بسیاری در سلامت روح و جسم ساکنان دارد. در ساختمانهای بلند مرتبه که ساکنان به فضاهایی مانند حیاط دسترسی ندارند و در طول روز در فضای بسته آپارتمانی زندگی میکنند، پنجره ها نور مورد نیاز ساکنان را تأمین میکنند. از اینرو، توجه به طراحی صحیح پنجرهها دارای اهمیت فراوانی است. این نوشته در صدد است میزان نور روز مناسب و راههای فراهم آوردن آن را در خانههای مسکونی ساختمان های بلند مرتبه شهر تهران بررسی کند. روش تحقیق این پژوهش توصیفی تحلیلی و نیز مدلسازی رایانهای در نرم افزار محاسب نور روز میباشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Today, due to increasing the population of large cities such as Tehran, the demand for housing, has been increased.The imbalance between supply and demand of housing has increased the price of housing which caused citizens tolive in small apartments. This issue reduces the quality of life in these homes. The quality of the human environmenthas an enormous effect on his health. Most research in the field of health psychology has shown that, there is a directrelationship between the quality of the residential environment and social harms such as suicide, mental disorders,drug addiction and criminality. One of these qualitative factors is the quality of daylight. Being exposed to adequatedaylight has an enormous effect on the health of body and the human spirit. Due to the high density and compressibilityof buildings and also aerosols and air pollution that cause low access to daylight, attention to the appropriate use ofdaylight in the cities such as Tehran is more critical. On the other hand, in tall apartments, residents have not accessto some open spaces such as yard and during the day, they live in closed space of apartment. Therefore, the designof windows as the only source of daylight are very important. So, the conditions of suitable daylight in residential areasand the way to create it, are considered in this article.The study area of this article is small apartments in Tehran. Because of the high price of housing in Tehran, theseapartments are considered by many citizens. Regarding to the limitation in access to the yard and outdoor living space,attention to improvement of environmental quality, especially attention to daylight is more important.The determining standard characteristics of daylight in residential areas is one part of this research. In this field withstudying credible sources and standards, required data is collected. The most important index is a daylight factor thatis equal to the average daylight in interior space in the proportion to outdoor daylight. Appropriate daylight factor forbedroom, work and study rooms, living room and kitchen respectively is equal to 1%, 5%, 2.5% and 2%. Identifyingthe common spaces of small apartments in Tehran and theirs area, is the next step. For this purpose a number ofsmall residential apartments in the various parts of Tehran were selected and the different dimensions of theirs spaceswere investigated. Finally, to determine the proper size of windows, the daylight simulation and calculation software(DIALUX) has been used. In this software, Tehran's geographic information (latitude and longitude) and the status ofair pollution in Tehran and the data related to glass of window (common windows that used in this apartments ) suchas transparency coefficient and the reflection coefficient of glass, were imported and according to the standard daylightfactor of bedroom, living room and kitchen, for each of these spaces,the calculations have been performed and theoptimal window size for each of these spaces in proportion to the internal surface area is presented.... Keywords: Daylight, Health of Body and Spirit, Residential Apartments, Tehran

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