مقایسه و تطبیق شناشیرهای بوشهر با فضای مشربیه در کشورهای حوزه‌ی جنوبی خلیج‌فارس
زهره اویسی کیخا
1
(استادیار، گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه زابل)
ندا ناصری
2
(دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مطالعات معماری ایران، گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه زابل)
کلید واژه: شناشیر, مشربیه, خانه‌های تاریخی بوشهر, کشورهای حوزه‌ی جنوبی خلیج‌فارس.,
چکیده مقاله :
بوشهر یکی از متفاوت‌ترین عناصر معماری را در مقایسه با سایر شهرهای تاریخی ایران، دارا است. شناشیرها یکی از جذابیت‌های معماری بومی بوشهر هستند که نقش مهمی در ایجاد زیبایی و تنوع بصری شهر، ایفا می‌کرده‌اند. بخش زیادی از این عناصر با استفاده از مصالح چوبی ساخته می‌شدند؛ به‌دلیل مقاومت کمِ چوب نسبت به سایر مصالح ساختمانی، از بین رفته و یا در اثر شرایط جوی نامناسب آسیب‌های زیادی را متحمل شده‌اند. عنصر مشابه شناشیر در کشورهای عربی حوزه‌ی خلیج‌فارس، مشربیه است که به صورت متنوع‌تر به کار گرفته شده است. هدف از این تحقیق؛ مقایسه‌ی تطبیقی شناشیر و مشربیه در جهت شناخت شاخصه‌های بومی این عناصر و دوباره به‌کارگیری آنها در معماری امروز و تلاش برای حفظ و احیای آنها می باشد. این تحقیق، با پاسخ به این سؤالات صورت گرفت که: چه تفاوت‌ها و شباهت‌هایی میان شناشیرها و مشربیه-های حوزه‌ی خلیج‌فارس وجود دارد؟ و شاخصه‌های بومی این عناصر کدام‌اند؟
چکیده انگلیسی :
Introduction: Bushehr is one of the cities of Iran, which in its historical architecture, has one of the most different architectural elements in terms of form compared to other historical cities of Iran. Shanashirs are one of the formal attractions of Bushehr's historical architecture, which have played an important role in creating the beauty and visual diversity of the city. A large part of these elements are used in historical buildings that were built using wooden materials; Due to the low resistance of wood compared to other building materials, they have been destroyed or have suffered a lot of damage due to unfavorable environmental conditions and weather. An element similar to Shanashir in the Arabic countries of the Persian Gulf region is Mashrabiya, which is used in a more prolific and diverse manner and with more details. Therefore, recognizing and examining the differences and similarities of these elements can provide practical help to researchers in these fields or architects to reuse these elements in today's buildings in Bushehr. Therefore, the purpose of this research; The comparative comparison of the elements of Shanashir and Mashrabiya is aimed at recognizing the local features of these elements and re-using these elements in today's architecture and trying to preserve and also revive models with historical value. In this regard, the research was done by answering the following questions: What are the differences and similarities between Shanshirs and Mashrabiyas in the Persian Gulf region? And what are the local characteristics of these elements? Accordingly, this writing has been done using the inductive research strategy. Methodology: Data collection was done in the section of theoretical foundations and background of the use of these elements using reliable library sources. Also, field studies were conducted using observation and interview. Interviews were used to get information about the restoration of buildings or possible changes in the form of the Shanashirs. The interview was conducted in a closed and regular manner with predetermined questions, and the interviewees were the old owners and residents of the buildings, as well as experts and professors of restoration and architecture. The observation cards of the buildings were prepared in advance and the authors completed these cards with field surveys and photography of different parts. Statistical population, all the remaining houses with Shanashir element in Bushehr port belonged to the Qajar period. Results: The findings of the research showed that in Bushehr, Shanashirs do not have a special variety in terms of form and they differ only in the addition of some details. Bushehr Shanashirs had a practical role in interior spaces and were considered a place to connect the interior space with the house yard. But outside the house, these spaces have been used to create a view and landscape in a space away from the heat outside and away from the disturbing sight of strangers. Finally, it can be said that although the origin of Iran's Shanashirs was the Mashrabiyas of the Persian Gulf countries, but this element has significant differences with the Arab Mashrabiyas,