ارزیابی تأثیر پوشش گیاهی بر آسایش حرارتی در فضای عمومی (مطالعه موردی: مجتمع مسکونی جبل الدراک شیراز )
محورهای موضوعی : معماری
محمدباقر بیگدلی
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سیده صدیقه میرگذار لنگرودی
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احمدرضا کابلی
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1 - دانشجوی دکترای تخصصی معماري، گروه معماری، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ايران.
2 - استادیار گروه معماری، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ايران.
3 - استادیار گروه معماری، واحد ماهشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ماهشهر، ايران.
کلید واژه: آسایش حرارتی, انوی‌مت, شاخص آسایش حرارتی PMV, فضای سبز محله ای ,
چکیده مقاله :
پوشش گیاهی می‌تواند آسایش حرارتی را بهبود و با ایجاد تعرق و سایه از خود باعث خنک شدن محیط شوند و همچنین اثر جزیره گرمایی شهری را تعدیل کرده و استرس گرمایی بر انسان را کاهش دهند. بنابراین، طراحی مناسب پوشش گیاهی برای بهبود آسایش حرارتی و خرداقلیمی اهمیت دارد. مطالعات در مورد آسایش حرارتی در فضاهای باز شهری، به ویژه پارک‌های محله‌ای، اهمیت دارد زیرا این نواحی به راحتی تحت تأثیر فضاهای سبز کوچک‌مقیاس قرار می‌گیرند. در این پژوهش از مدلسازی در نرم افزار ENVI-met در یک روز گرم تابستانی استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان داد که افزایش پوشش گیاهی منجر به بهبود شرایط حرارتی محیط می‌شود، و الگوی پوشش گیاهی پهن برگ نسبت به الگوهای دیگر بهترین عملکرد را داشته است. اما تراکم بیش از حد گیاه ممکن است نتیجه معکوس بدهد. این مطالعه نشان داد که طراحی مناسب پوشش گیاهی می‌تواند به بهبود شرایط حرارتی کمک کند.
Urban expansion and the need for housing have led to a decrease in green spaces and vegetation, impacting thermal comfort and temperature regulation in cities, resulting in increased air temperatures and heat stress that affect urban life. Given the importance of thermal comfort, extensive research has been conducted in various fields, including plants, building
facades and forms, and urban neighborhoods. Green spaces and vegetation can improve the urban environment and thermal comfort. Vegetation cools the surrounding environment through transpiration and shade, moderating the urban heat island effect and reducing the effects of heat stress on humans. However, the ability of green spaces to mitigate the effects of heat depends on various factors, including the type and form of vegetation and, most importantly, their arrangement in the site. Therefore, proper and intelligent design of vegetation is important for improving thermal comfort and microclimate.
Numerical simulations, such as ENVI-met software, are used to estimate and improve the environmental performance of urban spaces. Studies on thermal comfort in parks and urban open spaces, especially neighborhood parks, are important because these areas are easily affected by small-scale green spaces, and with intelligent design, microclimates can be created for thermal comfort. In this study, the ENVI-met three-dimensional urban microclimate model was used to investigate the thermal environment of an open space in a high-rise residential complex in Shiraz, Iran, on a hot summer day. By examining the site, without vegetation and also to create thermal comfort in a neighborhood park, five different vegetation patterns, including grass, plane trees, cypress trees, and combined trees (plane, cypress) arranged in the direction of the prevailing wind and combined trees (plane, cypress) arranged in the opposite direction of the prevailing wind were investigated. The results showed that increasing vegetation cover leads to improved thermal conditions of the environment, and the broadleaved vegetation pattern with more shading had the best performance compared to other patterns. However, excessive plant density may lead to a decrease in cooling efficiency. Among all the components, the main factor affecting thermal comfort was the mean radiant temperature. Also, for the software validation, field data were collected by a WBGT-2010SD device in the time interval of 10 hours in a street, in four selected points, including air temperature, mean radiant temperature, relative humidity, and air temperature, and similar modeling was done in the software with the existing buildings and also the number and type of vegetation cover. After obtaining the software outputs and examining the correlation between the obtained numbers, with a correlation coefficient of 0.85 to 0.89 in four points of the selected site in the software validation, we reached an acceptable result, which shows the high accuracy of the software. The results of this study showed that proper design of vegetation, including the number, species, and also different patterns of placement in the environment, can help to improve thermal conditions in urban spaces. There is a need for more studies in this field in different seasons.
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