حساسیت شته Myzus persicae به دو جدایه قارچ بیمارگر Beauveria bassiana از بصره
محورهای موضوعی : حشره‌شناسی
رحمن عزیز عبدالحمزه المخاضری
1
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شیما رحمانی
2
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سیده معصومه هاشمی نیا
3
1 - دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد، گروه گیاهپزشکی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - استادیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - دانشیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران
کلید واژه: زیست¬سنجی, شته, قارچ پاتوژن, کنترل بیولوژیک. ,
چکیده مقاله :
شته Myzus persicae حشرهای پلیفاژ است که میتواند خسارتهای زیادی روی محصولات مختلف باغی و زراعی ایجاد کند. به دلیل مقاومت M. persicae به بسیاری آفت‌کش‌ها، استفاده از ترکیبات جایگزین توصیه میشود. قارچ Beauveria bassiana به عنوان یک بیمارگر مؤثر در کنترل شتهها شناخته شده است و به دلیل عدم سمیت برای پستانداران و قابلیت کنترل طولانی‌مدت آفات، مورد توجه قرار دارد. در این تحقیق، کشندگی دو جدایه بومی شهر بصره عراق علیه شته M. persicae بررسی شد. آزمایشهای زیستسنجی در شرایط ثابت (دمای ۱±۲۵ درجه سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی ۷۰ درصد و دورهنوری ۱٦ ساعت روشنایی) و طی مدت زمان ده روز انجام گرفت. بر اساس نتایج، با افزایش غلظت، درصد کشندگی شتهها افزایش مییافت.LC50 جدایه Bb 25 برابر 105×28/4 کنیدی/میلیلیتر و جدایه Bb 195 برابر 105×75/3 کنیدی/میلیلیتر محاسبه شد که نشان میداد جدایه Bb 195 نسبت به Bb 25 مرگآفرینی بیشتری دارد.LT50 مربوط به جدایه Bb 195 در تمامی غلظت‌ها کمتر از Bb 25 بود و با افزایش غلظت میزانLT50 نیز کاهش یافت. کمترین LT50 (89/5 روز) در تیمارBb 195 (غلظت 108 کنیدی/میلیلیتر) و بیشترین مقدار آن (54/12 روز) در تیمارBb 25 (غلظت 103 کنیدی/میلیلیتر) مشاهده شد. این پژوهش نشان داد هر دو جدایه قارچ پاتوژن B. bassiana بومی شهر بصره اثر کشنده مناسبی روی M. persicae داشتند. اگرچه، جدایه Bb 195 به دلیل اثر حشره‌کشی بیشتر در مدت زمانی کمتر، قابلیت بهتری برای استفاده به عنوان عامل کنترل زیستی را دارا بود.
The aphid Myzus persicae is a polyphagous insect that can cause significant damage to various crops. Due to the resistance of M. persicae to many pesticides, the use of alternative compounds is recommended. Beauveria bassiana is recognized as an effective pathogen for aphid control and has gained attention due to its non-toxicity to mammals and its potential for long-term pest control. In this study, the pathogenicity of two local isolates from Basra, Iraq, against M. persicae was evaluated. Bioassay experiments were conducted under 25±1°C, 70% relative humidity, and a 16-hour light photoperiod over ten days. The results showed that with increasing concentration, the mortality rate also increased. The LC50 of Bb 25 was 4.28×105 conidia/mL, and the LC50 of Bb 195 was 3.75×105 conidia/mL, indicating that Bb 195 had a higher mortality effect than Bb 25. The LT50 of isolate Bb 195 at all concentrations was lower than that of Bb 25, and as the concentration increased, the LT50 also decreased. The lowest LT50 (5.89 days) was observed in the Bb 195 treatment at 108 conidia/mL, while the highest LT50 (12.54 days) was found in the Bb 25 treatment at 103 conidia/mL. This research concluded that both Beauveria bassiana isolates from Basra were considered effective in causing mortality in M. persicae. However, isolate Bb 195 demonstrated better potential as a biological control agent due to its higher insecticidal effect and faster action.
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