اثرات کشندگی و دور کنندگی اسانس گیاهان نعناع، بومادران و اسطوخودوس روی حشرات زنبور بالغ گونه Bracon hebetor

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوری

نگین طلوع ¹ (گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران)
منیژه جمشیدی ² (گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران)
محمد جعفرلو ³ (مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی، تبریز، ایران)
سیده معصومه هاشمی نیا ⁴ (گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/08/02 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/09/25 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/03/01

کلید واژه: نعناع, زنبور, بومادران, اثر دورکنندگی, اسطوخودس, اثر کشندگی, Bracon hebetor,

چکیده مقاله :

زنبور Bracon hebetor Say یکی از عوامل مهم کنترل بیولوژیک بوده و می‌تواند در سطح قابل قبول اقتصادی در کنترل لاروهای آفات بالپولکدار از جمله کرم قوزه‌ی پنبهHelicoverpa armigera Hubner موثر باشد. در این تحقیق اثرات سوء احتمالی اسانس گیاهان نعناع، بومادران و اسطوخودوس روی حشره کامل زنبور B. hebetor مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. زنبور پارازیتوئید روی لاروهای سن آخر شب پره مدیترانه ای آرد Zell Ephestia kueheniella پرورش داده شد. تمام آزمایشات زیست سنجی در دمای 1 ± 26 سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 5 ± 60 درصد و دوره ی نوری 16 ساعت روشتایی و 8 ساعت تاریکی و در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرارانجام شد. بررسی انجام شده نشان داد گیاه نعناع روی حشره کامل زنبور B. hebetor بیشترین اثر کشندگی را در سمیت تنفسی و تماسی داشت سایر گیاهان به ترتیب بومادران و اسطوخودوس کمترین اثر کشندگی را در سمیت تنفسی و تماسی روی زنبور داشتند. مقدار LC50 محاسبه شده در سمیت تنفسی و تماسی برای گیاه نعناع روی حشره کامل در مدت 48 ساعت به ترتیب 6 و 2/3 میکرولیتر بر میلی‌متر بود. اثر دورکنندگی اسانس گیاهان نعناع، بومادران و اسطوخودوس با استفاده از دستگاه بویایی سنج Y شکل روی حشرات کامل انجام گرفت. برای این منظور در یک سر دستگاه پنبه آغشته به اسانس قرار گرفت˓ و سر دیگر با تور بسته شد سپس حشرات در شاخه اصلی رها سازی گردید و هر تکرار بر روی 20 عدد حشره انجام شد. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس داده‌های مربوط به اثر دورکنندگی اسانس‌های مورد بررسی نشان داد که اسانس نعناع نسبت به دو انسانس دیگر با غلظت کمتری قادر به دور کردن حشرات کامل زنبور B. hebetor بوده و دور کننده ی قوی‌تری می‌باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Bracon hebetor say bee is one of the most important biological control factors that can be effective in controlling larvae of lepidoptera pests such as Helicoverpa armigera hubner at acceptable economic level. The present review was aimed at studying probable adverse effects of Achillea millefolium, Lavandula angustifolia, and Mentha piperita plants extracts on adult insect of the B. hebetor bee. The bee was grown on last instar larvae of Ephestia kueheniella Zell. All bioassay experiments were carried out at temperature of 26±1 °C and relative humidity of 60±5, and under photoperiod conditions of 16 hours of lightness and 8 hours of darkness. Findings of the study indicated that spearmint plant had the highest lethal effect on adult insect of B. hebetor bee in fumigant and contact toxicities and other plants, respectively, Achillea millefolium, Lavandula angustifolia, and Mentha piperita had the least lethal effect on adult insect of B. hebetor bee in fumigant and contact toxicities. The estimated LC50 value for spearmint plant at 48 hours was 6 microliters/ml in fumigant toxicity and 3.2 microliter/ml in contact toxicity. Repellency effect of spearmint, Achillea millefolium, Lavandula angustifolia, and Mentha piperita plants extracts was studied on adult insect using tube -Y olfactory-meter device. Cotton wool soaked with the extract was placed at one end of the device and the other end was closed with web and the insects were released in the main branch. Each iteration of the experiment was conducted on 20 insects. Results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the data related to repellency effect of the studied extracts indicated that being a stronger repellant compared to other two extracts, spearmint extract with lower concentration can repel adult insects of B. hebetor bee.

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