ارتکاب جرایم جنگی توسط سیستمهای تسلیحاتی خودمختار؛ چالشهای اخلاقی و حقوقی
محورهای موضوعی : تحقیقات حقوقی بین المللی
1 - استاد دانشگاه شاهد
کلید واژه: سیستمهای تسلیحاتی خودمختار (AWS), هوش مصنوعی, حقوق بشردوستانه, اخلاق جنگ, مسئولیت اخلاقی, کمیته بینالمللی صلیب سرخ (ICRC).,
چکیده مقاله :
مقاله حاضر به بررسی سیستمهای تسلیحاتی خودمختار (AWS) و چالشهای اخلاقی، حقوقی و بشردوستانه مرتبط با استفاده از این فناوریها در جنگهای مدرن میپردازد. با پیشرفت فناوریهای هوش مصنوعی و رباتیک، سیستمهای تسلیحاتی خودمختار به طور فزایندهای در میدانهای نبرد مورد استفاده قرار میگیرند. این سیستمها شامل موشکهای کروز، پهپادها، زیردریاییهای خودران و رباتهای شناسایی شهری هستند که قادر به تصمیمگیری مستقل در شناسایی و نابودی اهداف میباشند. با این حال، استفاده از این فناوریها نگرانیهای جدی در مورد کاهش کنترل انسانی، مسئولیت اخلاقی و نقض حقوق بشردوستانه بینالمللی را به همراه دارد. مقاله به بررسی مباحث بینالمللی پیرامون محدودیتهای استفاده از AWS و توصیههای کمیته بینالمللی صلیب سرخ (ICRC) برای تنظیم این سیستمها میپردازد. همچنین، چالشهای اخلاقی و حقوقی مرتبط با تفویض اختیار مرگآفرینی به ماشینها و ابهام در تعیین مسئولیت جرایم جنگی ارتکابی توسط این سیستمها مورد تحلیل قرار میگیرد.
This article examines Autonomous Weapon Systems (AWS) and the ethical, legal, and humanitarian challenges associated with their use in modern warfare. With the advancement of artificial intelligence and robotics, AWS are increasingly being deployed in battlefields. These systems include cruise missiles, drones, autonomous submarines, and urban reconnaissance robots, capable of independently identifying and destroying targets. However, the use of such technologies raises serious concerns about the reduction of human control, ethical responsibility, and potential violations of international humanitarian law. The article explores international discussions on the limitations of AWS and the recommendations of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) for regulating these systems. Additionally, it analyzes the ethical and legal challenges related to delegating life-and-death decisions to machines and the ambiguity in attributing responsibility for war crimes committed by AWS.
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