اثر ضد قارچی عصاره آبی و اوژنول گیاه میخک بر رشد قارچ Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesami عامل زردی و پژمردگی کنجد
محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعیکلید واژه: بیماری زردی و پژمردگی کنجد, F. oxyporum. f.sp. sesami, عصاره میخک, اوژنول, ترکیب بیولوژیک,
چکیده مقاله :
قارچ F. oxysporum. f.sp. sesami عامل بیماری زردی و پژمردگی کنجد یکی از بیمارگرهای مهم و خسارت زای این گیاه محسوب می شود. بهدلیل عدم معرفی ارقام مقاوم نسبت به این بیمارگر، تا کنون روش های مدیریت بیماری بیشتر بر اساس روش های شیمیایی بوده است. کاربرد روش های شیمیایی مشکلات عدیده ی زیست محیطی را بههمراه دارد. در این تحقیق جهت نیل به اهداف کشاورزی پایدار، اقدام به کنترل بیمارگر با استفاده از عصاره و همچنین اوژنول گیاه میخک به عنوان ماده بیولوژیک گردید. با استفاده از غلظت های 25، 50، 75 و 100 درصد عصاره میخک میزان رشد قارچ به ترتیب به میزان 33/10، 36/11، 75/13 و 1/51 کاهش یافت. با استفاده از اوژنول با غلظت های فوق نیز رشد قارچ به ترتیب به میزان 75، 47/76، 83/79 و 85/81 درصد کاهش یافت. به نظر می رسد اوژنول ترکیب شیمیایی مهم و تأثیرگذار گیاه میخک در کنترل این بیمارگر باشد. مواد بیولوژیک به کار رفته هیچ اثر منفی بر جوانه زنی بذر کنجد نداشتند و تمام تیمارهای از این نظر با شاهد در یک گروه آماری قرار گرفتند.با توجه به این که این گزارش نخستین اقدام در بررسی کنترل F. oxysporum. f.sp. sesami با استفاده از مواد بیولوژیک عصاره و اوژنول گیاه میخک می باشد و نتایج درخور توجهی را نشان داده است، می توان این مواد را در طیف گسترده تر، در گلخانه و مزرعه آزمایش کرد، تا در صورت پاسخ قاطع، از آن به صورت تجاری و گسترده در کنترل بیماری زردی و پژمردگی کنجد استفاده کرد.
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami, the causal agent of sesame yellows and wilt is one of important and destructive pathogens of Sesame indicum. Management methods are mainly based on chemical control with sever environmental problems, because resistance cultivars are not introduced for this disease. In this study, to reach to sustainable agriculture goals, extract and eugenol of clove were used as a biological materials to control of the pathogen. Based on the results, application of 25, 50, 75 and 100 percentage concentrations of clove extract reduced the pathogen growth rate by 10.33%, 11.36%, 13.75% and 51.1%, respectively. Also, eugenol application at above mentioned concentrations reduced the pathogen growth rate up to 75%, 76.47%, 79.83% and 81.85%, respectively. It seems that eugenol is the major and effective components of clove to control of pathogen. The biological material used in this study did not have any negative effect on sesame seed germination and all treatment were placed in one statistical group with the control. This study is the first research for world on control of F. oxysporum. sp. sesami by biological compounds from clove and so more studies are recommended on their effect on the pathogen in greenhouses and fields.
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