اثر قارچ میکوریز و کود فسفره بر برخی صفات کمی و کیفی ذرت تحت تنش کم‌آبی
محورهای موضوعی :
بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی
امیررضا پوررافضی
1
,
احمد افکاری
2
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زیست شناسی، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد کلیبر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کلیبر، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/10/25
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/02/06
تاریخ انتشار : 1396/02/01
کلید واژه:
تنش خشکی,
قارچ-ریشه,
سوپرفسفات تریپل,
فراهمی فسفر,
چکیده مقاله :
کمبود آب از مهم‌ترین عوامل محدودکنندۀ عملکرد گیاهان زراعی در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک است. به منظور تعیین اثر قارچ میکوریز و کود فسفره بر برخی خصوصیات کمی و کیفی ذرت تحت تنش کم‌آبی، آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال 1394 در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اردبیل انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل تلقیح با دو قارچ میکوریز Glumus mosseae وGlumus etanicatum و بدون تلقیح به عنوان شاهد، کود فسفر از منبع سوپرفسفات تریپل در سه سطح 75، 100 و 125 کیلوگرم در هکتار و سطوح مختلف آبیاری در سه سطح 70، 140 و 210 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک کلاس آ در نظر گرفته شد. تأثیر تیمارهای آبیاری، فسفر و میکوریز بر تمامی صفات مورد بررسی در سطح 1% معنی‌دار بود، هم‌چنین اثر دوگانه فسفر و میکوریز بر ارتفاع بوته، عملکرد دانه، وزن خشک گیاه، درصد نیتروژن و غلظت فسفر معنی‌دار بود. با افزایش تنش خشکی ارتفاع بوته، طول بلال، تعداد دانه در بلال، وزن خشک گیاه، عملکرد دانه، درصد نیتروژن و فسفر برگ کاهش و درصد پتاسیم برگ افزایش یافت. تلقیح با میکوریز و استفاده از 125 کیلوگرم در هکتار فسفر، شاخص‌های زراعی، محتوای فسفر و پتاسیم برگ ذرت را در شرایط تنش خشکی در مقایسه با گیاهان تلقیح نشده به طور معنی‌‌داری افزایش داد. به طور کلی، کاربرد قارچ میکوریز توأم با فسفر در بستر کاشت سبب افزایش تحمل در برابر تنش کم‌آبی از طریق تأثیر بر برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی در گیاه ذرت شد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Water deficient is one of the most important factors limiting yield of field crops in arid and semi-arid regions. To investigate the effects of mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilizers on some quantitative and qualitative traits of corn under water deficient stress; an experiment was carried out as split factorial based on completely block randomized design with three replications in Research Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch in 2015. The experimental treatments included inoculation with two mycorrhizal fungi species of Glumus mosseae and Glumus etanicatum, phosphorus fertilizer from triple superphosphate source at levels of 75, 100, and 125 kg/ha, and irrigation at levels of 70, 140, and 210 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan. The effect of irrigation, phosphorus fertilizer and mycorrhiza on all measured traits was significant at 1% probability level. Also interaction of phosphorous fertilizer and mycohrriza was significant in plant height, grain yield, plant dry weight, nitrogen percentage and the phosphorous concentration was significant. Increasing in drought stress caused decrement in plant height, ear length, number on grains per ear, plant dry weight, grain yield, nitrogen percentage and leaf phosphorus content, but increment in leaf potassium percentage content. Furthermore, inoculation with mycorrhiza along with with phosphorus fertilizer at 125 kg/ha, significantly increased agronomic indices and phosphorus and potassium contents of corn leaves under of water stress conditions. On the whole, implementation of mycorrhizal fungi along with phosphorus fertilizer in planting bed caused tolerance enhancement in corn against drought stress through influencing on some physiological characteristics.
منابع و مأخذ:
Abdali R (2003) Effect of mycorrhiza and phosphorus at different levels on yield, yield components and some morphological characteristics of corn popcorn. Master Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch: Karaj, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
Aghababai F, Raisi F, Nadian H (2011) Influence of mycorrhizal symbiosis on the uptake of nutrients in some commercial genotypes of almond in a sandy loam soil. Iranian Journal of Soil Research 25(2): 137-147. [in Persian with English abstract]
Alkaraki GN, Hamnad R (2001) Mycorrhizal influence on fruit yield and mineral content of tomato grown under salt stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition 24(8): 1311-1323.
Amirabadi M, Seifi M, Rejali F, Ardakani MR (2012) Study the concentration of macroelements in forage mays (Zea mays L.) (SC 704) as effected by inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and azotobacter chroococcum under different levels of nitrogen. Journal of Agroecology 4(1):33-40. [in Persian with English abstract]
Ardakani M, Mazaheri D, Noormohammadi G, Majd F (2000) the study of mycorrhiza and streptomyces' efficiency and different levels of phosphorus on grain yield and some characters of wheat. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 2(2): 17-28. [in Persian with English abstract]
Calvet C.J, Pinochet A, Hernandez D, Estan V, Camprubi A (2001) Field microplot performance of the peach-almond hybrid GF-677 after inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a replant soil infested with root-knot nematodes. Mycorrhiza 10(6): 295–300.
Dodd JC (2000) The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agro-and natural ecosystems. Outlook on Agriculture 29(1): 63-70.
El-Bably AZ (2002) Effect of irrigation and nutrition of copper and molybdenum on Egyptian clover (L.). Agronomy Journal 94(5): 1066–1070.
Enteshari Sh, Haji Hashim G (2010) Effect of two species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi nodulation on the roots and uptake of some elements of soybean under salt stress conditions. Journal of Plant Protection (Agricultural Science and Technology) 24(3): 315- 323. [in Persian with English abstract]
Esmaielpour B, Amani N (2014) Investigating the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on growth and uptake of nutrients in lactuca sativa cv Syaho. Soil Management and Sustainable Production (4) 2: 49-69. [in Persian with English abstract]
Esmaeilpour B, Jalilvand P, Hadian J (2013) Effects of drought stress and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on some morphophysiological traits and yield of savory (Satureja hortensis L.). Journal of Agroecology (5)2: 169- 177. [in Persian with English abstract]
Faghani A, Goudarzi M, Safarnejad A (2015) Effects of mycorrhizal symbiosism on some physiological characters of Sesbania aculeta against water deficient stress. Agronomy Journal 28(106): 37-44. [in Persian with English abstract]
Gholami A (2000) The role of arbuscular viskular fungi stable supply of nutrients in corn. PhD Thesis, Tarbiat Modares University, Faculty of Agriculture: Tehran, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
Harrison MJ (2005) Signaling in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Annual Review of Microbiology 59: 19-42.
Hodge A (2000) Microbial ecology of the arbuscular mycorrhiza. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 32(2): 91-96.
Jamshidi EA, Ghalavand A, Salahi M, Zare G, Jamshidi AR (2009) Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal on yield, yield components and plant characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under drought stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 11(2):136-150. [in Persian with English abstract]
Khalvati MA, Mzafar A, Schmidhalter U (2005) Quantification of water uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal hypha and its signification for leaf growth, water relations and gas exchange of barley subjected to drought stress. Plant Biology Stuttgart 7(6): 706-712.
Lotfi E, Baghernejad M, Karimian NA, Zarei M (2015) Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, plant growth promoting rhizobacterium, and drought stress on different forms of soil potassium and potassium uptake of maize. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation 22 (6): 271-282. [in Persian with English abstract]
Mahmoudi M, Fahimi H, Khoshru M (2003) influence of phosphorus nutrition and a vesicular - arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on growth and p and n assimilation of Pistacia vera L. Pajouhesh-va-Sazandegi 16(58): 23-29. [in Persian with English abstract]
Masjehdi A, Shokouhifar A, AlaviFazel M (2008) Survey of most suitable irrigation scheduling and effect of drought stress on yield for summer corn (SC.704) with class a evaporation pan in Ahvaz. Journal of Crop Production and Processing 12(46): 543-550. [in Persian with English abstract]
Mehrban A (2007) The role of mycorrhizal symbiosis fungi in battles with drought. Proceedings of the First Conference on Drought and How to Fight It. Birjand, Iran. [in Persian]
MesrzadehAzar A, Afkari A (2014) The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth parameters of maize. Proceedings of the Second National Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resources. Tehran, Iran. [in Persian]
Miller MH (2000) Arbuscular mycorrhizae and the phosphorus nutrition of maize: a review of Guelph studies. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80(1): 47-52.
Mohammdi L, Rizi S, Barzear (2016) Application of mycorrhiza on reducing the effects of salinity on henna flower New Guinea. Journal of Crops Improvement 18(2): 289-301. [in Persian with English abstract]
Morte A, Lovisolo C, Schubert A (2000) Effect of drought stress on growth and water relations of the mycorrhizal association Helianthemum almeriense-Terfezia claveryi. Mycorrhiza 10(3):115-119.
Robert MA (2001) Water relation, drought and vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mycorrhiza 11(1): 3-42.
Santos MS, Alejo NO (1994) Effect of water stress on growth, osmotic potential and solute accumulation in cultivars form chili pepper. Plant Science 96: 21-29.
Sheikhi M, sajedi NA, Jiriaie M (2012) Effects of water deficit stress on agronomical traits of maize hybrids in Arak climate condition. Iranian Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding 8(3): 101-110. [in Persian with English abstract]
Shiranirad AH, Alizadeh A, Hashemi Dezfooli Ah (2000) The study of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi, phosphorus and drought stress effects on nutrient uptake efficiency in wheat. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 16(3): 327-349. [ in Persian with English abstract]
Smith SE, Facelli E, Pope S (2010) Plant performance in stressful environments: interpreting new and established knowledge of the roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas. Plant and Soil 326(1): 3-20.
Sumana DA, Bagyaraj DJ (2002) Interaction between VAM fungi and nitrogen fixing bacteria and their influence on growth and nutrition of neem (Azadirachta indica. A. Juss). Indian Journal of Microbiology 42: 295-298.
Wu QS, Xia RX (2006) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influence growth, osmotic adjustment and photosynthesis of citrus under well-watered and water stress conditions. Journal of Plant Physiology 163(4): 417-425.
Zuccarini P (2007) Mycorrhizal infection ameliorates chlorophyll content and nutrient uptake of lettuce exposed to saline irrigation. Plant Soil Environment 53(7): 283-289
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Abdali R (2003) Effect of mycorrhiza and phosphorus at different levels on yield, yield components and some morphological characteristics of corn popcorn. Master Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch: Karaj, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
Aghababai F, Raisi F, Nadian H (2011) Influence of mycorrhizal symbiosis on the uptake of nutrients in some commercial genotypes of almond in a sandy loam soil. Iranian Journal of Soil Research 25(2): 137-147. [in Persian with English abstract]
Alkaraki GN, Hamnad R (2001) Mycorrhizal influence on fruit yield and mineral content of tomato grown under salt stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition 24(8): 1311-1323.
Amirabadi M, Seifi M, Rejali F, Ardakani MR (2012) Study the concentration of macroelements in forage mays (Zea mays L.) (SC 704) as effected by inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and azotobacter chroococcum under different levels of nitrogen. Journal of Agroecology 4(1):33-40. [in Persian with English abstract]
Ardakani M, Mazaheri D, Noormohammadi G, Majd F (2000) the study of mycorrhiza and streptomyces' efficiency and different levels of phosphorus on grain yield and some characters of wheat. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 2(2): 17-28. [in Persian with English abstract]
Calvet C.J, Pinochet A, Hernandez D, Estan V, Camprubi A (2001) Field microplot performance of the peach-almond hybrid GF-677 after inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a replant soil infested with root-knot nematodes. Mycorrhiza 10(6): 295–300.
Dodd JC (2000) The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agro-and natural ecosystems. Outlook on Agriculture 29(1): 63-70.
El-Bably AZ (2002) Effect of irrigation and nutrition of copper and molybdenum on Egyptian clover (L.). Agronomy Journal 94(5): 1066–1070.
Enteshari Sh, Haji Hashim G (2010) Effect of two species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi nodulation on the roots and uptake of some elements of soybean under salt stress conditions. Journal of Plant Protection (Agricultural Science and Technology) 24(3): 315- 323. [in Persian with English abstract]
Esmaielpour B, Amani N (2014) Investigating the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on growth and uptake of nutrients in lactuca sativa cv Syaho. Soil Management and Sustainable Production (4) 2: 49-69. [in Persian with English abstract]
Esmaeilpour B, Jalilvand P, Hadian J (2013) Effects of drought stress and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on some morphophysiological traits and yield of savory (Satureja hortensis L.). Journal of Agroecology (5)2: 169- 177. [in Persian with English abstract]
Faghani A, Goudarzi M, Safarnejad A (2015) Effects of mycorrhizal symbiosism on some physiological characters of Sesbania aculeta against water deficient stress. Agronomy Journal 28(106): 37-44. [in Persian with English abstract]
Gholami A (2000) The role of arbuscular viskular fungi stable supply of nutrients in corn. PhD Thesis, Tarbiat Modares University, Faculty of Agriculture: Tehran, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
Harrison MJ (2005) Signaling in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Annual Review of Microbiology 59: 19-42.
Hodge A (2000) Microbial ecology of the arbuscular mycorrhiza. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 32(2): 91-96.
Jamshidi EA, Ghalavand A, Salahi M, Zare G, Jamshidi AR (2009) Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal on yield, yield components and plant characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under drought stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 11(2):136-150. [in Persian with English abstract]
Khalvati MA, Mzafar A, Schmidhalter U (2005) Quantification of water uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal hypha and its signification for leaf growth, water relations and gas exchange of barley subjected to drought stress. Plant Biology Stuttgart 7(6): 706-712.
Lotfi E, Baghernejad M, Karimian NA, Zarei M (2015) Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, plant growth promoting rhizobacterium, and drought stress on different forms of soil potassium and potassium uptake of maize. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation 22 (6): 271-282. [in Persian with English abstract]
Mahmoudi M, Fahimi H, Khoshru M (2003) influence of phosphorus nutrition and a vesicular - arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on growth and p and n assimilation of Pistacia vera L. Pajouhesh-va-Sazandegi 16(58): 23-29. [in Persian with English abstract]
Masjehdi A, Shokouhifar A, AlaviFazel M (2008) Survey of most suitable irrigation scheduling and effect of drought stress on yield for summer corn (SC.704) with class a evaporation pan in Ahvaz. Journal of Crop Production and Processing 12(46): 543-550. [in Persian with English abstract]
Mehrban A (2007) The role of mycorrhizal symbiosis fungi in battles with drought. Proceedings of the First Conference on Drought and How to Fight It. Birjand, Iran. [in Persian]
MesrzadehAzar A, Afkari A (2014) The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth parameters of maize. Proceedings of the Second National Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resources. Tehran, Iran. [in Persian]
Miller MH (2000) Arbuscular mycorrhizae and the phosphorus nutrition of maize: a review of Guelph studies. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80(1): 47-52.
Mohammdi L, Rizi S, Barzear (2016) Application of mycorrhiza on reducing the effects of salinity on henna flower New Guinea. Journal of Crops Improvement 18(2): 289-301. [in Persian with English abstract]
Morte A, Lovisolo C, Schubert A (2000) Effect of drought stress on growth and water relations of the mycorrhizal association Helianthemum almeriense-Terfezia claveryi. Mycorrhiza 10(3):115-119.
Robert MA (2001) Water relation, drought and vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mycorrhiza 11(1): 3-42.
Santos MS, Alejo NO (1994) Effect of water stress on growth, osmotic potential and solute accumulation in cultivars form chili pepper. Plant Science 96: 21-29.
Sheikhi M, sajedi NA, Jiriaie M (2012) Effects of water deficit stress on agronomical traits of maize hybrids in Arak climate condition. Iranian Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding 8(3): 101-110. [in Persian with English abstract]
Shiranirad AH, Alizadeh A, Hashemi Dezfooli Ah (2000) The study of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi, phosphorus and drought stress effects on nutrient uptake efficiency in wheat. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 16(3): 327-349. [ in Persian with English abstract]
Smith SE, Facelli E, Pope S (2010) Plant performance in stressful environments: interpreting new and established knowledge of the roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas. Plant and Soil 326(1): 3-20.
Sumana DA, Bagyaraj DJ (2002) Interaction between VAM fungi and nitrogen fixing bacteria and their influence on growth and nutrition of neem (Azadirachta indica. A. Juss). Indian Journal of Microbiology 42: 295-298.
Wu QS, Xia RX (2006) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influence growth, osmotic adjustment and photosynthesis of citrus under well-watered and water stress conditions. Journal of Plant Physiology 163(4): 417-425.
Zuccarini P (2007) Mycorrhizal infection ameliorates chlorophyll content and nutrient uptake of lettuce exposed to saline irrigation. Plant Soil Environment 53(7): 283-289
