چکیده مقاله :
هدف: سازمان‌ها امروزه در محیطی نامطمئن، پیچیده و در حال تغییر فعالیت می‌نمایند که نیازمند توسعة قابلیت‌ها و ظرفیت‌هایی به‌عنوان کسب مزیت رقابتی است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر ارائه مدل توسعه استارت‌آپ‌های فناورانه جهت پویایی سازوکارهای راهبری برون‌سازمانی است.
روش‌شناسی پژوهش: پژوهش از نظر هدف اکتشافی و از نظر روش ترکیبی (کیفی، کمی) بود. جامعه آماری در پژوهش کیفی شامل خبرگان و مدیران عالی شرکت‌های صنعتی بورس اوراق بهادار بودند که ۲۰ نفر از آن‌ها به‌صورت هدفمند انتخاب شدند و نمونه‌گیری تا دستیابی به اشباع نظری ادامه یافت. در بخش کمی نیز جامعه آماری شامل 5۰۰ نفر از اعضای هیأت‌علمی، مدیران عالی، میانی و کارشناسان شرکت‌های صنعتی بورس اوراق بهادار تهران بود و حجم نمونه‌گیری با استفاده از فرمول کوکران ۲۱۷ نفر برای سال‌های ۱۳۹۱ تا ۱۴۰۱ به دست آمد. پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از روش نظریه‌پردازی زمینه بنیان، الگوی جامع توسعه استارت‌آپ‌های فناورانه مبتنی بر پویایی سازوکارهای راهبری برون‌سازمانی را ارائه و تبیین می‌کند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج بیانگر آن است که محدودیت منابع مالی (بودجه‌های پژوهش و توسعه) و تسهیم ریسک، تحول (چرخش) به‌سوی اقتصاد دیجیتال همگام با تحولات منطقه و جهان، فرآیند نفوذ به بازار و افزایش رقابت‌پذیری و شکل‌گیری مقیاس اقتصادی برای توسعه محصول و تحولات اجتماعی و فرهنگی همچون شکل‌گیری طبقه متوسط تحصیل‌کرده و در نهایت ضرورت تأکید بر تفکر راهبردی در سازمان متناسب با تغییر محیط فعالیت به‌عنوان مقوله‌های علی توسعه استارت‌آپ‌ها می‌باشد. همچنین مقوله‌های زمینه‌ای و مداخله‌گر به ترتیب شامل 10 و 5 مقوله شامل شرایط کلان اقتصادی و محدودیت در جذب سرمایه‌گذار خارجی و پیچیدگی ذاتی نوآوری و تجاری‌سازی به‌ویژه در حوزه فناوری‌های پیشرفته است. به‌علاوه راهبردها شامل 16 مؤلفه من‌جمله اتخاذ رویکرد استارت‌آپ ناب (چابک) و ریسک‌پذیری و مدیریت بحران است. همچنین مقوله پیامدی شامل خلق ارزش برای کسب‌وکارها متعاقب رویکرد بازار محور با ادغام منابع و توسعه محصولات، انعطاف‌پذیری فناورانه و سازمانی و کسب مزیت رقابتی پایدار، خلق و تصاحب فرصت‌های توسعه و رشد در راستای توسعه اقتصادی با رویکرد بازآرایی، انطباق و ارتقای استارت‌آپ با گسترش سرمایه‌گذاری و تخصیص بهینه سرمایه تعیین شد. در بخش کمی نیز، مدل مفهومی پژوهش ارائه‌شده مورد آزمون قرار گرفت و فرضیه پژوهش مورد تأیید قرار گرفت.
اصالت / ارزش‌افزوده علمی: یافته‌های پژوهش می‌تواند به توسعه سطح رقابت در بین شرکت‌های بورس اوراق بهادار مؤثر باشد و انتظار می‌رود استقرار سازوکارهای راهبری برون‌سازمانی به اجرای اثربخش وظایف هیأت‌مدیره و رعایت الزامات قانونی کمک مؤثری بنماید.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Purpose: Organizations today operate in an uncertain, complex, and rapidly changing environment that necessitates the development of capabilities and capacities for competitive advantage. The aim of this research is to present a model for the development of technological startups to enhance the dynamics of extra-organizational navigation mechanisms.
Methodology: The research adopts an exploratory objective and a mixed-method approach (qualitative-quantitative). The qualitative research population consists of experts and top managers of industrial companies listed on the stock exchange, with 20 purposively selected participants, and sampling continued until theoretical saturation was achieved.Within the quantitative segment, the sample comprises 500 individuals drawn from the academic faculty, senior executives, middle managers, and industry experts associated with firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The sample size of 217 individuals was determined using Cochran's formula for the period spanning 2012 to 2022.
Findings: The results indicate that constraints on financial resources (research and development budgets) and risk-sharing, the transition towards the digital economy synchronized with regional and global developments, market penetration processes, increasing competitiveness, and the formation of an economic scale for product development, as well as social and cultural transformations such as the emergence of an educated middle class, underscore the necessity of strategic thinking in organizations commensurate with changes in the operating environment as key factors in the development of startups. Moreover, contextual and intervening factors include 10 and 5 categories, respectively, comprising macroeconomic conditions and constraints in attracting foreign investment, and the inherent complexity of innovation and commercialization, especially in advanced technology domains. Furthermore, strategies encompassing 16 components, including adopting an agile startup approach and risk-taking and crisis management. Additionally, consequential categories include creating value for businesses following a market-oriented approach through resource integration and product development. In the quantitative section, the conceptual research model was tested, and the research hypothesis was confirmed.
Originality/Scientific Contribution: The research findings can contribute to enhancing competition among companies listed on the stock exchange, and it is expected that the establishment of extra-organizational navigation mechanisms will effectively assist in the implementation of the board of directors' tasks and compliance with legal requirements.
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