Nowadays, Most of the cities, especially metropolises of developing countries are engaged with environmental issues like air and water pollution, waste increase and etc., that lead to the environmental destruction. Meanwhile sustainable urban development, provides the balance between development and the environment, and supplies the current generation needs while keep its eyes on the next generation rights and respects it. This survey goes through the conceptual and theoretical sustainable urban development, and the environmental index situation in Tehran, as a metropolis, based on the available data. The study’s method is a combination of documentary-librarian methods and data and available studies analyzing. Regarding that sustainable urban development indexes can be divided into environmental, social and economic indices, environmental indexes is one of the most important sustainable development indexes. The data shows that based of environmental indexes, high rate of air pollution and energy consumption and high rate of waste production, Tehran is away far from the desirable sustainable development situation. Generally, the results of this study imply that Tehran is not in an acceptable situation based on the environmental index ( air pollution , waste management , green and public space per- capita , clean transportation, energy consumption , water consumption , housing and patrimonial quality , sound pollution and etc.). پرونده مقاله

Trust is one of the most important concepts in social life and human relations that provides the basis for social interactions between members of society. Increases in society, is one of the factors affecting the social trust of television programs that the type of program can help strengthen or reproduce it. Given the importance of social trust, the present study explains the role of television programs. In the representation of social trust in Iran (case study: New Age Program). In order to assess trust, 400 citizens of Tehran were selected by non-social sampling method of available type. This research has been done by survey method and with the help of a questionnaire. The data obtained from the questionnaire have been described and analyzed using statistical methods in two sections: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between the variables of watching modern television programs with institutional trust and public trust and social trust. Also, the relationship between watching the New Age TV program with interpersonal trust was not confirmed, so the New Age program is effective in reproducing social trust. پرونده مقاله

This paper aims to investigate interactions between the Kurds and development agents in the field of sustainable development. The theoretical approach of the research is based on modernization theories. Research methodology is qualitative, with an emphasis on grounded theory. Data was collected through depth interviews, participant observation, document and secondary analysis. In the field of political development, document findings indicate that despite significant increase in participation of Kurdish people in elections, local managers and administrators still have the minimum role in political management of Kurdistan province. With regard to cultural development, results show that promises made to Kurdish people about quantitative and qualitative development of cultural elements, such as education in mother tongue and true representation of ethnic identity in local media, have not become materialized in practice. Among consequences of this situation are ‘dissatisfaction with the national media’ and ‘formation of resistance identity’ in Kurdistan. پرونده مقاله

The sociology and literature of a country have a long history; for this reason, content research in the field of literature can reflect existing attitudes regarding family lifestyle. In this study, the ways and differences of family lifestyle in the forties and eighties were analyzed by analyzing the content of selected novels, based on the components of Bourdieu's theory. The method of the present study is descriptive-analytical and the data are analyzed using the content analysis research method. The results indicate that in the novel of the forties is the basis of traditional family formation and content analysis indicates that there are many problems and issues in the family that family members, despite their severity and bitterness, are trying maintain to frame the family. In novel My Bird, the 1980s are the basis for the formation of the family on the principles of modernity, and show that the family is still of particular importance, but the maintenance of its framework is not done at any cost and cohabitation is less durable. If the family does not meet the choices of the couple, it will easily fall apart and take on a different form. Economic and financial problems are evident in the family environment of both decades, and there is no specific planning for leisure in both decades. پرونده مقاله

This study reviewed Paul Schrader's selected works from the perspective of cinema critics and was conducted using qualitative survey method. Data collection was performed through in-depth interviews. First, 40 experts in the field of film review were contacted and seven people were interviewed. In total, about 16 hours of discussion was conducted on the subject. Findings included the evaluation of family selection, urban layout and furniture, religious and political dimensions, and the evaluation of male and female roles in Paul Schrader 's selected films. In addition, the finding included the extent to which Paul Schrader's films are popular and the overall critical evaluation of his works. The data were analyzed by conducting interviews and reviewing the obtained data through axial coding method. Since the data were collected through interviews, the results were obtained analytically in a general report of the analysis process and results are presented by considering the views of the researcher. پرونده مقاله

Many feminist activists, governmental and non-governmental organizations have taken an interest in the problem of women's empowerment as a fundamental idea in all perspectives on women, particularly in recent years. Reviewing previous research in the area of empowerment is the goal of the present study. Based on this, all scientific-research publications published between 2001 and 2011 that included the keywords empowerment and empowerment were initially pulled from Noor Magazine reference database and Jihad University's scientific database, respectively. The most relevant articles to the study's goals were then chosen based on the entrance and exit criteria. The data extraction worksheets were constructed and altered in the format of 8 indicators and finished based on the coding and comments of each worksheet after the quality and scientific validity of the chosen articles were evaluated. The historical period, authors' gender, regional distribution, research technique, study purpose, theoretical approach, elements and variables impacting empowerment, and the function of women's empowerment, among other variables, were the indicators examined in the spreadsheets. After reviewing and contrasting the worksheets using the data collected, the research's goal was eventually met by combining and evaluating the data. According to the study's conclusions, notable and significant aspects that were looked at in five areas (economic, social, political, psychological, and individual) in addition to background factors have been classified and summarized. پرونده مقاله

The present research has been conducted to study job satisfaction of students and the factors affecting it. Method of this research is survey-based and data collection technique was questionnaire. Reliability of the questionnaires was also confirmed with Cronbach's alpha method. Statistical population of the research includes all students studying in Sciences and Research branch. The statistical sample was determined 380 person based on Cochran Formula and was selected with simple random sampling method. Research findings showed: 60.6 % of the studied sample has full job satisfaction and 29.4% of the respondents have medium satisfaction and only 10% of them has low satisfaction rate. Study of relationship between variables showed that there was relationship between variables of job security, term of services, age and enjoyment of welfare equipment and job satisfaction and based on regression analysis, variables of enjoyment of enjoyment of welfare equipment, social solidarity , social relations , social trust , social security , social participation determine 83.2% of changes in variance of job satisfaction. پرونده مقاله

The family is the vital source of peace and comfort, love and intimacy. But the family can also be a place of conflict, difference, gap and distance in terms of values ​​and patterns of behavior between children and parents. Virtual social networks are a new generation of social networking space that at the end of the first decade of the 21st century have changed the ways of communication between humans and although they are not very old, they have been able to penetrate into people's lives. Networks affect various aspects of individual and social life. The main purpose of this research is a theoretical explanation of the use of cyberspace and the evolution of family structure in Iran with emphasis on the concept of generation gap. The method of the present study is the study of documents and texts in libraries and the technique of collecting information is taking notes and preparing information sheets. Findings show that the significant relationship between parents' and children's familiarity with cyberspace is confirmed and emphasized by thinkers. Also, parents often think they are too old to use new technology and space, and this creates a gap in the rate. The new and old generation is familiar with cyberspace. There is a difference between parents and children in attitudes and adherence to immaterial and material values, and of course, attitudes and adherence to immaterial values ​​of parents are more than children. Another part of the research findings show that one of the effects of being in cyberspace is the reduction of social capital in the family, which has caused a generation gap. Easy access to cyberspace and its low cost has led to the presence of more family members in cyberspace, which has led to changes in people's lifestyles. This means that the more people use cyberspace, the deeper the value gap between parents and children. Analysis of theoretical and empirical evidence of research also shows that in the course of modernity, traditions are also rethought, and in the age of modernity, the "self" is a project that must be rethought and redesigned, and as in the past, its traditions and habits. Does not shape the process of modernism in human societies, such as mass media, trust, friendship, chronic variability, the system of technical and medical expertise, constant risk-taking, marriage and divorce, self-discovery, intimacy in friendship, identity seeking. And pure relationships that have all changed in the new society. پرونده مقاله

Today, it is of particular importance to deal with human rights, especially women's rights, and to establish fair and non-discriminatory implementation of regulations regarding women in society, and to eliminate their legal discrimination. In this study, women's rights refer to the rights that women should have because of their existence. It is very important to deal with women's rights in every society from the point of view of social importance, and in order to create balance and justice in society, it is necessary to examine these issues properly to help social and legal issues in two religions. In order to achieve this, the present study examines women's rights in Islam and Zoroastrianism, which is the closest religion to Islam. There is a lot of similarity between the views of Islam and Zoroastrianism in matters related to women and family, they only have different aspects in matters related to dowry. In general, it can be said that all the things that were not mentioned in the Zoroastrianism have been mentioned in the religion of Islam or have been limited to a brief statement, and the topics have been stated in detail. Therefore, since Islam is the last and most complete religion, it has foreseen the needs and status of women, their rights and duties, and established laws for it. پرونده مقاله