One of the problematic soil types that is found in wide areas in the world is marl soils. This soil type is more sensitive to erosion and requires modifications in pavement construction processes. In this research, mixed soil-Nano-CaCo3 was considered. For this purpose, 0.3 to 2.7% Nano-CaCo3, by specific dry weight, was combined with marl soils in 0.3% increments. To analyse the geotechnical properties of marl soil, optimum water content for soil compaction, maximum dry density, uniaxial compressive strength, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and the consolidation test were investigated. The results showed dry unit weight increases with increasing Nano-CaCo3 content up to 2.2%. Furthermore, the CBR of modified marl soil with 2% Nano-CaCo3 is 2.7 times greater than the initial CBR; it increased from 6 to 15.5 by adding up to 2% Nano-CaCo3. Moreover, adding Nano-CaCo3 to marl soil increased the uniaxial compressive stress. The optimum percentage of Nano-CaCo3 was 2%, which increased the compression strength about 1.4 times. Besides, with increasing Nano-CaCo3 up to 2.2%, the amount of void ratio decreases from 0.46 to 0.35. Additionally, the compression index Cc and swelling Index Cs are almost constant and equal to 0.09 and 0.03, respectively. پرونده مقاله

In this paper, the spectral ratio of mmicrotremor, HSVR, is presented for estimating the liquefaction potential of layered soil in the coastal area of the Persian Gulf, which consists of a hard sandstone layer situated between two saturated sandy layers. The surface layer is thin, with a thickness between 2 and 5 meters. The purpose of this paper is to identify the relation between the liquefaction potential, the natural frequency and the amplification factor values using microtremors. Liquefaction assessment was done at 27 stations using the HVSR approach provided by Nakamura [1]. HVSR analysis was carried out using the Geopsy software. According to the results of the analysis, the predominant frequency values range from about 0.8 Hz to 2.4 Hz and the amplification factor values range from 1.1 to 2.8. Based on these parameters, the vulnerability index Kg is determined, which can be used as a parameter in calculating the liquefaction potential of an area. The results show that the vulnerability index is related to the sedimentary depth as well as the frequency and amplification factor. Furthermore, the calculated results confirm that the southern area of Bushehr City, which is larger than other areas, has a high liquefaction potential. Furthermore, it is possible to determine the limit of Kg to estimate the liquefaction hazard. Comparing the results confirms that in Bushehr, a soil layer is liquefiable if its related Kg value is over 1.7. This value may change with the conditions of the layer and the soil specification. پرونده مقاله

This study provides a practical solution to manage non-hazardous waste and aid the environment. The largest group of non-hazardous waste is called municipal solid waste (MSW) which can be effectively used as an alternative material in civil projects. In this research, as an alternative to traditional modification methods of soil which causes global warming, the soft clay (Clay) was chemically modified by four different percentages of MSW in soil dimensions (15%, 25%, 35%, 45%) in 28 and 120 days. The optimum percentage of MSW addition (15%) to the Clay at the curing age of 28 days increased the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) by 1.28 and 3.34 times, respectively. Given that higher percentages of MSW reduce the UCS and CBR in the specimens, four percentages of Nano-MgO, i.e., 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1% were used for stabilization. The specimens containing optimum percentages of MSW (15%, 25%) and stabilized with 1% Nano-MgO could improve UCS and CBR 2.34 and 5.59 times, respectively that results had better durability over 120-days which can be attributed to the CBR testing condition. The cause of the increase in UCS and CBR was investigated using microstructural analysis for 120 days of curing. The specimen with high durability approved the cement bond formation with Anorthite & Dolomite minerals. In conclusion, using optimum MSW and Nano-MgO effectively solved the Clay problems in suitable conditions and allowed higher percentages of MSW to be removed from the environment. پرونده مقاله

تخمین رواناب سطحی و زیرسطحی به‌عنوان اجزاء رواناب مستقیم حوضه جهت طراحی سازه­های هیدرولیکی بسیار حائز اهمیت است. در بسیاری از حوضه‌ها با نفوذپذیری خاک تراوا و پوشش گیاهی مناسب، جریان زیرسطحی از اهمیت بالایی در ایجاد رواناب برخوردار است. در این تحقیق از سازوکار هورتونی برای تخمین رواناب سطحی صفحات حوضه با کاربرد روش موج جنبشی استفاده گردید. برای پیش‌بینی جریان زیرسطحی دامنه‌های آبخیز از حل معادله ریچاردز در محیط غیراشباع توسط نرم‌افزار Hydrus استفاده شد و آب نگار رواناب زیرسطحی دامنه‌ها محاسبه گردید. برای صحت سنجی از داده‌های آزمایشگاهی دستگاه باران ساز به طول 2 متر، عرض 1 و عمق 0.35 متر با خاک بافت ماسه­ای متوسط استفاده شد. آزمایش‌ها تحت سه زاویه شیب 1/0، 3،6 و 9 درجه و تحت بارش‌های 31.73،47.6 و 63.46 میلی‌متر بر ساعت انجام گرفت. جریان سطحی و زیرسطحی دستگاه به ترتیب با نتایج روش موج جنبشی و نتایج مدل Hydrus مقایسه گردید. متوسط خطای پیش‌بینی اوج رواناب سطحی با کاربرد روش موج موجی در 12رویداد محاسبه‌ شده 3.5 درصد و متوسط خطای پیش‌بینی اوج ر رواناب زیرسطحی در 9 رویداد 10 درصد بوده است که مقادیر مناسبی هستند. نتایج مدل Hydrus جهت تخمین رواناب دامنه‌های افقی با شیب صفر دارای 40 درصد خطا در محاسبه اوج رواناب زیرسطحی بود که مناسب نبوده­اند. پرونده مقاله