Titanium (Ti) used for various application due to its light, durable and polished silver-white element. Titanium has two forms of allotropy called rutile and anatase, due to white color, slow-melting point in uniform distribution and diffusion in other compounds. It is known for making paper, plastics, rubber and various other materials. Therefore, regarding its use and high application in this paper we reviewed the conventional and advance application of Ti sheet. The presence of small amounts of impurities such as nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen in which are soluble in the metal, causes the mineral fragility of the metal and prevents its commercial exploitation. The purpose of this study is to introduce and application of titanium in various industries. The main use of titanium in the industry is in the form of metal and titanium dioxide nanoparticles, the use of metal is not used much due to problems in its preparation and purification, but instead, the use of oxide in the form of TiO2 is widely used in industry. Therefore, 90% of the primary industries are consuming titanium oxide. The human body easily accepts titanium because it has been proven to be more biocompatible than stainless steel or cobalt chromium (CoCr). In addition, titanium has a higher fatigue strength than many other metals which helps to transform it as a desired material in orthopedic and dentistry applications. پرونده مقاله

Today, electronic ceramics make up the largest share of advanced markets. Ceramics are chemically neutral and resistant to high temperatures, so they provide a good environment for circuits. Most ceramics have electronic mobility. Ceramic engineering is one of the attractive trends in the field of materials science and engineering. In ceramic engineering, parts are made of inorganic and non-metallic materials. Like other trends in materials engineering, ceramic engineering is based on the study of the structure, chemical composition and properties of ceramic materials from the atomic dimension of the material to its bulk structure. Ceramic materials have different crystalline, semi-crystalline and amorphous structures. In other classifications, ceramics are divided into two categories such as traditional and advanced ceramics. Therefore, in this we evaluate the mechanical properties and application of the modern ceramics. Nowadays, the study of engineered and advanced ceramics is very widespread. Advanced ceramics are a group of ceramics that have components, complex manufacturing technology and more sensitive applications, and different categories are considered for them in which are in the form of engineering ceramics, glass ceramics, electro ceramics and bioceramics. پرونده مقاله

This research is dedicated to reviewing porous titanium alloy structures suitable for biomedical applications. The mechanical properties of porous samples with different structures and porosity were reviewed through a static compression test to identify the type of suitable structure. In addition, high porosity is desirable due to the growth of bone tissue in the internal microstructure of the porous bony implant. Samples are normally fabricated made of Ti-6Al-4V alloy and stainless steel using selective laser melting (SLM) as an additive manufacturing process. The samples were prepared with a pore size (200, 400, and 600 µm) and cubic and trabecular topology. The actual weight of all samples was determined, which is important in identifying other characteristics. All the tested samples reached the optimal values of maximum stress and tensile strength. The most appropriate mechanical properties were observed for samples with a pore diameter of 200 μm and a cubic structure. The implants with porosity, pore size, and pore interconnectivity affect the differentiation of bone tissue. پرونده مقاله

Today, using modern technology and software simulation, it is possible to help the medical tourism industry with the support of treating patients all over the world in order to treat diseases for those who are not able to migrate. Therefore, in this study we consider all the essential parameter to reach to the best condition for medical tourism using robotic and artificial intelligence (AI) system. Recently, information technology has penetrated in all fields and changed the face of many phenomena. In the field of medicine, engineering and tourism, the use of this technology is becoming a necessity by using advance robots. Telemedicine is a general concept used to describe various aspects of telemedicine care. The main idea of telemedicine is to transmit information via electrical signals and to automate clinical services and counseling all around the world by advance and smart system. Use of robots, AI and the creation of medical robots as assistants to physicians. The success of medical robot’s design and construction means that the realization of such ideas cannot be unexpected. Today, the use of robots in various fields of medicine, from the creation of small cavities without the need for deep incisions to complex surgeries has become possible. One of the goals of telemedicine is to improve patient care, improve access and medical care for rural areas and deprive better access to physicians for counseling. Telemedicine includes distance counseling E-learning, remote monitoring, remote surgery treatment of skin diseases telemedicine ultrasound imaging, pathology, and remote cognitive disorders treatment. The observation indicated that using progressed telemedicine and remote surgery has become possible in which skilled surgeon in one country with strong internet connections and precise technical infrastructure can perform the surgery quickly. پرونده مقاله