Cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide and facing the healthcare system with major challenges due to the inadequate efficacy of current onco-therapeutic agents. Compared to the current therapeutic modalities, gas plasma oncotherapy leading to outstanding outcomes owing to its multimodal nature and adjustable dose nature. Reactive agents are produced in the interaction of plasma plume with air, liquid, and cells, resulting in dose-dependent selective cell deaths. Gas plasma oncology aims to utilize medical gas plasma for cancer treatment, which exhibits a great anti-cancer platform. In this review, gas plasma oncotherapy from main indicators to state-of-the-art topics comprehensively is presented. Moreover, we focus on the nexus between plasma-generated chemical and physical effects and desirable biological responses and discuss the precise role of these agents in the treatment procedures. Additionally, plasma dose as dependent on the input parameters and process factors is defined. Molecular and selectivity mechanisms of gas plasma oncotherapy are discussed in detail. Finally, the current challenges in gas plasma oncotherapy are presented and future trends are discussed. پرونده مقاله

AbstractNanocrystalline Pb1–3x/2GdxTiO3 (where x = 0.01) abbreviated as PGT has been synthesised by high energy ball milling at room temperature. X-ray analysis shows that single-phase tetragonal structure of nanocrystalline PGT was formed after 15-h milling. The average crystallite size was found to be 17 nm. The frequency-dependent AC conductivity of the PGT ceramic was studied in the range 100°C to 525°C. Complex impedance analysis suggested the dielectric relaxation to be of non-Debye type. The activation energy was found to be 1.04 ev. The mechanism of charge transport in nanocrystalline PGT was successfully explained by correlated hopping model. پرونده مقاله

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to study degradation of a bromophenol blue molecule (C19H10Br4O5S) using direct irradiation of cold atmospheric argon plasma jet. The pH of the bromophenol blue solution has been measured as well as its absorbance spectra and conductivity before and after the irradiation of non-thermal plasma jet in various time durations. The results indicated that the lengths of conjugated systems in the molecular structure of bromophenol blue decreased, and that the bromophenol blue solution was decolorized as a result of the decomposition of bromophenol blue. This result shows that non-thermal plasma jet irradiation is capable of decomposing, and can also be used for water purification. پرونده مقاله

AbstractVertically aligned titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes were synthesized by electrochemical anodic oxidation in an electrolyte solution containing 0.45 wt% ammonium fluoride (NH4F) and 2 vol% deionized water at constant potential (70 V) for various anodization time at the room temperature. The influence of the anodization time on the morphology and optical properties of the anodic TiO2 nanotubes have been studied. Field emission scanning electron microscopy results revealed that the anodic TiO2 nanotube morphology extremely depends on the anodization time. It was observed that by increasing anodization time, length of the anodic TiO2 nanotubes increased and nanotubes destroyed at the top of the tubes. After a long time of anodization process (9 h), nanotubes completely destroyed. Photoluminescence measurements showed that the anodic TiO2 nanotube band gap energy depends on the anodic TiO2 nanotube morphology. The anodic TiO2 nanotubes without any damage had a minimum band gap energy (2.9 eV). پرونده مقاله

AbstractIn this study, the effects of gliding arc (G Arc) plasma system on the treatment of water have been investigated experimentally. An AC power supply of 15 kV potential difference at 50 Hz frequency was employed to generate plasma. Plasma density and temperature were measured using spectroscopic method. The water was contaminated with staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and salmonella bacteria (Gram-negative), and Penicillium (mold fungus) individually. pH, hydrogen peroxide, and nitride contents of treated water were measured after plasma treatment. Decontamination of treated water was determined using colony counting method. Results indicate that G Arc plasma is a powerful and green tool to decontaminate water without producing any byproducts. پرونده مقاله

AbstractIn this research, for the first time, we synthesize magnesium nitride thin films on 304-type stainless steel substrates using a Mather-type (2 kJ) plasma focus (PF) device. The films of magnesium nitride are coated with different number of focus shots (like 15, 25 and 35) at a distance of 8 cm from the anode tip and at 0° angular position with respect to the anode axis. For investigation of the structural properties and surface morphology of magnesium nitride films, we utilized the X-ray diffractometer (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, respectively. Also, the elemental composition is characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Furthermore, Vicker’s microhardness is used to study the mechanical properties of the deposited films. The results show that the degree of crystallinity of deposited thin films (from XRD), the average size of particles and surface roughness (from AFM), crystalline growth of structures (from SEM) and the hardness values of the films depend on the number of focus shots. The EDX analysis demonstrates the existence of the elemental composition of magnesium in the deposited samples. پرونده مقاله

AbstractIn this study, magnetic measurement of poloidal fields were used to determine poloidal beta and plasma internal inductance of Damavand tokamak combination of poloidal beta and plasma internal inductance (βp+li2documentclass[12pt]{minimal} usepackage{amsmath} usepackage{wasysym} usepackage{amsfonts} usepackage{amssymb} usepackage{amsbsy} usepackage{mathrsfs} usepackage{upgreek} setlength{oddsidemargin}{-69pt} egin{document}$$eta _p+dfrac{l_i}{2}$$end{document}), known as Shafranov parameter, was obtained experimentally in terms of normal and tangential components of the magnetic field. Plasma internal inductance and poloidal beta were obtained using parametrization method based on analytical solution of Grad-Shafranov equation (GSE) and compared with parabolic-like profile of toroidal current density approach for determination of the plasma internal inductance. Finding evolution of βp+li2documentclass[12pt]{minimal} usepackage{amsmath} usepackage{wasysym} usepackage{amsfonts} usepackage{amssymb} usepackage{amsbsy} usepackage{mathrsfs} usepackage{upgreek} setlength{oddsidemargin}{-69pt} egin{document}$$eta _p+dfrac{l_i}{2}$$end{document} and plasma internal inductance. Finding poloidal beta (Shafranov parameter and internal inductance) and using energy balance equation, thermal energy and energy confinement were determined qualitatively in terms of poloidal beta during a regular discharge of Damavand tokamak. پرونده مقاله