In this paper, we continue the investigation started in [1]. We obtain new results derived from novel concepts developed in analogy with others already established, e.g., the fact that leftoids (X, ∗) for φ are super-transitive if and only if φ(φ(x)) = φ(x) for all x ∈ X. In addition we apply fuzzy subsets in this context and we derive a number of results as consequences. پرونده مقاله