Today, to satisfy the needs of customers in the supply chain, there have been considered the design and optimization of the logistic networks. The transfer pricing is one of the most important and the most complex issues that multinational companies faced to it. This article provides a multi-objective mathematical model in order to design a logistic network by considering the transfer pricing and the transportation cost allocation. There has been used the mixed integer nonlinear programming to model the problem. This network has three levels: the supplier, distribution center and the retailer. To deal with the uncertainty in the parameters of the model, there has been used the robust optimization approach and eventually phased solution approach by TH method. Today, to satisfy the needs of customers in the supply chain, there have been considered the design and optimization of the logistic networks. The transfer pricing is one of the most important and the most complex issues that multinational companies faced to it. This article provides a multi-objective mathematical model in order to design a logistic network by considering the transfer pricing and the transportation cost allocation. There has been used the mixed integer nonlinear programming to model the problem. پرونده مقاله

Effective project management requires reliable knowledge of cash required in different stages of project life cycle. Getting this knowledge is highly dependent on sophisticated consideration of project environment. Nature of projects and their environments are associated with uncertain conditions. In this paper, a new project cash flow assessment method based on project scheduling is proposed to foresee projects' cash flow in their different stages. Interval-valued fuzzy sets (IVFSs) are applied to address the uncertainty of activity durations and costs. First, an IVF-project scheduling method is proposed to calculate early start time and early finish time of activities under IVF-environment and based on that, a new method of cash flow assessment is introduced under IVF-environment. For the purpose of illustration, the proposed method is implemented to generate cash flow of main activities of a large-scale project. The results show the flexibility of presented assessment method in expressing uncertainty, in addition to its capability in risk evaluation. Furthermore, using alpha-cuts to address different levels of uncertainty and risk provides a comprehensive insight of the cash required in different stages of project life cycle under different levels of risk and uncertainty. Finally, the results are discussed and the proposed method is believed to be useful in the project evaluation. پرونده مقاله

Proposing a hierarchical group compromise method can be regarded as a one of major multi-attributes decision-making tool that can be introduced to rank the possible alternatives among conflict criteria. Decision makers’ (DMs’) judgments are considered as imprecise or fuzzy in complex and hesitant situations. In the group decision making, an aggregation of DMs’ judgments and fuzzy group compromise ranking is more capable and powerful than the classical compromise ranking. This research extends a new hierarchical group compromise ranking methodology under a hesitant fuzzy (HF)environment to handle uncertainty, in which for the margin of error, the DMs could assign the opinions in several membership degrees for an element. The hesitant fuzzy set (HFS)is taken into account for the process of the proposed hierarchical group compromise ranking methodology, namely HFHG-CR, and for avoiding the data loss, the DMs’ opinions with risk preferences are considered for each step separately. Also, the Euclidean–Hausdorff distance measure is utilized in a new proposed index for calculating the average group score, worst group score and compromise measure regarding each DM. A new ranking index is presented for final compromise solution for the evaluation. Proposed HFHG-CR methodology is applied to a practical example for a facility location selection problem, i.e. cross-dock location problem, to show the validation and application. پرونده مقاله

The earned value technique is a crucial and important technique in analysis and control the performance and progress of mega projects by integrating three elements of them, i.e., time, cost and scope. This paper proposes a new version of earned value analysis (EVA) to handle uncertainty in mega projects under interval-valued fuzzy (IVF)-environment. Considering that uncertainty is very common in mega projects’ activities, the proposed IVF-EVA model is very useful and applicable in evaluating the progress of projects. In this paper, analyzing earned value indices and calculating them with linguistic terms have been discussed. They are then converted into interval-valued fuzzy numbers (IVFNs) for the evaluations. Finally, an application example from the recent literature is presented and steps of the proposed IVF-EVA are elaborated. پرونده مقاله

A new hesitant fuzzy set (HFS)-ELECTRE for multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) problems is developed in this paper. In real-world applications, the decision makers (DMs)’ opinions are often hesitant for decision problems; thus, considering the exact data is difficult. To address the issue, the DMs’ judgments can be expressed as linguistic variables that are converted into the HFSs, considered as inputs in the ELECTRE method. Meanwhile, an appropriate tool among the fuzzy sets theory and their extensions is the HFSs since the DMs can assign their judgments for an alternative under the evaluation criteria by some membership degrees under a set to decrease the errors. Introduced hesitant fuzzy ELECTRE (HF-ELECTRE) method is elaborated based on the risk preference of each DM with assigning some degrees. Moreover, the weight of each DM is computed and implemented in the proposed procedure to reduce judgments’ errors. Then, a new discordance HF index is provided. Pair-wise comparisons are used for outranking relations regarding HF information. Finally, the validation and verification of the proposed HF-ELECTRE method are demonstrated in a practical example of FMSs. پرونده مقاله

Critical path method (CPM) is categorized as a popular tool for scheduling mega projects. In this paper, to enjoy the advantages of interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FSs) and better address uncertainty for the activities’ attributes, a new analysis model is presented to determine the critical path under an IT2F-environment. Also, new efficient factors on specifying critical paths, such as time, cost, risk, safety, and quality (TCRSQ), are presented to achieve a more robust plan assisting in megaproject success. Moreover, an IT2F weighting approach is suggested for specifying the weights of TCRSQ factors. Furthermore, a new IT2F-approach employing the relative preference relation is expressed for identifying the importance of each expert. Consequently, a new model for critical path determination procedure by considering efficient factors is developed under the IT2FSs environment. Finally, to demonstrate the suggested model's capability and the calculation process, an application from the previous research is solved. پرونده مقاله

Estimation of the conceptual costs in construction projects can be regarded as an important issue in feasibility studies. This estimation has amajor impact on the success of construction projects. Indeed, this estimation supports the required information that can be employed in costmanagement and budgeting of these projects. The purpose of this paper is to introduce an intelligent model to improve the conceptual costaccuracy during the early phases of the life cycle of projects in construction industry. A computationally efficient model, namely supportvector machine model, is developed to estimate the conceptual costs of construction projects. The proposed neural network model is trainedby a cross validation technique in order to produce the reliable estimations. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed model, twopowerful intelligent techniques, namely nonlinear regression and back-propagation neural networks (BPNNs), are provided. Their resultsare compared on the basis of the available dataset from the related literature in construction industry. The computational results illustratethat the presented intelligent model performs better than the other two powerful techniques. پرونده مقاله

دنیای کسب و کار مدرن مبتنی بر رقابت و ارائه‌ی بهترین عملکرد، برای نیل به اهداف سازمانی‌است. است. توسعه رشد اقتصادی و استفاده عاقلانه از منابع طبیعی بدون در نظر گرفتن اثرات آنها قابل دستیابی نیست. بنابراین، سازمان‌های پروژه محور، همسو با اصول توسعه‌ی پایدار، توفیق در مدیریت پروژه، کسب سود و جلب رضایت مشتریان را هدف قرار داده‌اند. سودآوری و موفقیت در پروژه، مبتنی بر ایجاد ارزش برای مشتری، انطباق با تغییرات بازار و شرایط محیطی و پاسخ‌گویی به مشتریان می‌باشد. بنابرای اجرای موفق مدیریت پروژه، در راستای اصول پایداری، با ایجاد پارامترهای چابکی، امکان پذیر خواهد بود. از همین‌رو، پژوهش رو، روشی را جهت شناسایی و رتبه‌بندی عوامل چابکی در سازمان‌های پروژه محور، مبتنی بر عوامل اصلی موفقیت در مدیریت پروژه و عوامل پایداری با استفاده از ابزار گسترش کاربرد کیفیت در دو مرحله‌ ارائه نموده است. بدین منظور، ابتدا عوامل اصلی موفقیت در پروژه و پس از آن عوامل چابکی در سازمان‌های پروژه محور و پایداری شناسایی شده و اهمیت عوامل اصلی موفقیت در پروژه و پس از آن عوامل چابکی در سازمان‌های پروژه محور، از دید مدیران پروژه‌های کلان در شهرداری اصفهان و خبرگان دانشگاه سنجیده شده است. سپس، وزن عوامل چابکی در سازمان‌های پروژه محور مبتنی بر استخراج وزن عوامل پایداری بر اساس عوامل اصلی موفقیت در پروژه با استفاده از گسترش کارکرد کیفیت محاسبه شده و در نهایت بر اساس اوزان اهمیت بدست آمده؛ عوامل چابکی در سازمان‌های پروژه محور رتبه‌بندی شده‌اند. پرونده مقاله