نمای دوپوسته یک عنصر معماری جذاب از نظر بصری است. فرایندهای فیزیکی در نمای دوپوسته پویا و در برهم‌کنش مداوم با یکدیگر هستند و به ویژگی‌های هندسی و حرارتی عناصر مختلف نما بستگی دارند. متغیرهای مستقل موثر در عملکرد حرارتی نمای دوپوسته جعبه‌ای باتهویه طبیعی، شامل عمق حفره، سطح مقطع دریچه ها، جنس، موقعیت و زاویه سایه‌بان و جنس شیشه‌ها و متغیر‌های وابسته شامل، دمای شیشه داخلی، سرعت جریان هوا و شار گرمایی عبوری ازشیشه داخلی است. هدف این مقاله، تعیین میزان تاثیر هر کدام از متغیرهای مستقل بر عملکرد حرارتی نمای دوپوسته جعبه‌ای دارای تهویه طبیعی در فصل تابستان است. برای تحلیل رفتار حرارتی نما، شبیه سازی با استفاده از نرم‌افزار فلوئنت انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد، استفاده یاعدم استفاده ازسایه بان، بیشترین تاثیر رادر تغییرات دما (تا3.7%) و شار گرمایی عبوری ازشیشه داخلی (تا%61) و سطح مقطع دریچه‌ها، بیشترین تأثیر را بر سرعت جریان هوا درحفره میانی (تا115%) دارند. پرونده مقاله

Effects of neglecting climatic patterns in buildings are more intense in severe climates such as tropical. It isresulting an excessive consumption of fossil fuels and consequently environmental pollutions in and after modern era. The objectiveof this research is to find climate-oriented intentions and solutions in tropical areas and compare them with Dezful and Bandar-e-Lengevernacular houses to examine how differences in mesoclimates may affect the climatic pattern of buildings. The present study willinitially classify the experts’ viewpoints on the architectural patterns in tropical climates and prevailing targets, solutions, and willpresent features of the architecture in such regions. The solutions are tested on vernacular buildings of Bandar-e-Lenge and Dezful.The findings demonstrate that in the above areas, climatic solutions have been used to moderate high temperature and humidity. Thelocal houses in Bandar-e-Lenge are in accordance with both climatic objectives but the houses in Dezful pertain solutions for onlyhigh temperature. Results also confirm that the difference can be observed because of the different sub climatic groups they are placed in. پرونده مقاله

Space geometry design is the first stage of proper daylight design. The basic ideas of form and space design should provide the best conditions for daylight. This article investigates the effect of living room proportions on the amount of interior lighting received in Tehran's residential buildings. In the first step, the information from literature related to daylight was studied. In the second step, a checklist has been compiled to examine the space based on daylight from the classification and summarization of the information obtained from the research background. Based on this theoretical framework, one of the houses in Tehran with a common plan was selected as a case study according to daylight design indexes to achieve the goal. In the third step, the problem was determined, and then the solution was provided by simulating using applied models and software. The modeling process and changing the geometric variables were performed parametrically with Grasshopper software, and daylight simulation was performed by Radiance and Daysim software. Thus, the intensity of annual illumination is examined in the current situation to optimize the illumination conditions; the window of this space is optimized by maintaining the optimum ratio of this window, the optimum space proportions obtained. The survey has shown that in optimal condition, the ratio of length to depth in the living room is 1.54 to 1.91, and the WFR ratio is 9% to 22%. Thus with the values obtained, the living room will have the best thermal and lighting performance during the year. In addition, with the optimal percentage of the window to the floor, appropriate shading device, and optimal dimensions of the room, this space can provide suitable light for various daily activities in a multi-purpose living space. پرونده مقاله

Having a shelter has been of The utmost importance to humans. Humans Have been developing all kinds of residential buildings to protect themselves, one of them is courtyard houses. When examining the form of a house. One of the critical reasons for prioritizing the study of indigenous buildings is the belief that social and cultural factors greatly contribute to the form of a house. In this article, the content analysis method with the help of data foundation theory, open, axial, and selective coding methods have been used. The strategy of this article in the analysis and judging stage is both quantitative and qualitative method. to investigate the reasons for the formation of the central courtyard from the perspective of culture in the city of Hamedan, the impact of the entrance and the central space of houses and their halls have been studied in general. Based on the results, the Iranian architectural methods and the cultural elements in the indigenous architecture are considered to have played a decisive role in the formation of the of architectural model of the Qajar and Pahlavi period. In these houses, an attempt has been made to separate private and public spaces through designing the open space of the yard as a coordinator between the outside and inside space to maintain the identity of the other spaces and to prevent any disruption in using them. پرونده مقاله

Window to wall area ratio (WWR) is an important parameter that greatly affects the energy efficiency of a building. The aim of this research is to achieve the optimal level of the window area together with a squared geometry rotational kinematic model having horizontal axis in the south facade of an office building in Tehran.In order to evaluate the indoor daylight level, dynamic daylight indicators with WWR from 50 to 90 % and facade kinematic model have been simulatted using Grasshopper tool and Honeybee Plus plugin version 06 and Ladybug Lbt version 1.5.0. through parametric simulation were studied parametric. First kinetic facade and its movement structures are introduced, then the daylight indices and the required lighting level for an office space have been discussed. The simulation is carried out using two models of optical and thermal properties in the office building, where in the base model, the ratio of the optimal WWR is up to 60%, for a facade with a square geometric model and a rotating kinematic model with a horizontal axis.To optimize the results, the reflection coefficients of the floor, wall, the visual transmission coefficient of the glass and the viewing angle (45 to 95 degrees) were parametrically studied. The results showed that on the south facade of the office building in Tehran, using a kinetic facade with a rotational kinematic model and horizontal axis, the optimal WWR is 50%. پرونده مقاله