Urban monuments encompass a wide range of architectural works either intentionally or unintentionally. These works are often salient due to their inherently explicit or hidden components and qualities in the urban context. Therefore, they affect the mental-spatial representations of the environment and make the city legible. However, the ambiguity of effective components often complicates their saliency evaluation and measurement. In addition, the literature of architecture and urban planning evidently lacks a systematic method for extracting and determining the architectural components affecting the saliency of urban monuments. After reviewing the research literature, this study aims to analyze the nature of these components by proposing a method of extracting and identifying them through a qualitative approach through case studies of urban monuments in Qazvin. For this purpose, given the importance of verbal descriptions of urban monuments in advancing the objectives of this study as a result of realizing mental-spatial representations of the environment, the “Reading of Verbal Descriptions” was integrated with the “Fuzzy Delphi technique” to extract the components that affect saliency. Based on these strategies, architecture and urbanism experts were surveyed using a questionnaire. In addition to determining the features of urban monuments and their examples, the results explained 16 effective components. Based on the percentages of referral and consensus, the components are then weighed and codified in a saliency model of urban monuments. پرونده مقاله

Semantic contradictions between the contemporary and historical urban landscapes have led to a crisis of meaning in cities. Shiraz, one of the metropolises of Iran, unfortunately, has undergone destruction in the modern era. This research aims to extract the meaning received by the citizens and compare the visual-semantic features of the city. Given this, a combination of photography with a structured questionnaire under the title of “Reflective Photography” has been utilized, with the assistance of “Photo Content Analysis” in the Atlas Ti 8 software. The results showed that the semantic parameters/factors “Sense of Place” and “Structure-Related Qualities” have the most repetition in both historical and contemporary urban landscape contexts and could be entirely beneficial to form a new meaning or strengthen the mental image. There is no meaningful link between meanings and the visual feature of photos, nonetheless, further developments should definitely consider attention to the “Sky View” and “Greenery”. پرونده مقاله