Balance is one of the determining indicators of independence in the elderly. Technology has the potential to improve the quality of life, health and functional abilities of the disabled elderly. The use of virtual reality techniques is one of the novel methods of using technology for improving the quality of life and balance of the elderly by fully participating elderly in this direction. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of computer-based and user-based virtual reality techniques on balance of the elderly. Sample consisted of 18 people aged between 70 to 90 years old in Garmdareh, Iran who were voluntarily selected and then randomly divided into two groups of nine. Participants in the experimental group participated in designed exercises for 10 sessions (2 sessions per week), but the control group did not participate on any exercises. Static balance was measured using the sharpened Romberg test and dynamic Balance was measured by the spent time to rise and go, before and after each exercise session. The Shapiro Villex test was used in order determine the normal distribution of data, and covariance analysis was used to determine the related effect of exercises. Results of the covariance analysis showed significant effect of designed exercises on both the static and dynamic balance of the elderly (p <0.05). In sum, the results of present study showed that virtual reality techniques can improve the balance of performance among the elderly. پرونده مقاله

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of child-centred play therapy on the moral intelligence and bullying of primary school students. The statistical population studied was all primary school students in Shahriar city. The sampling method was available and a counselling centre called the "Hal Khoob Andisheh” Centre was selected. During the first four months of 2019, a moral intelligence and bullying test was performed on 60 elementary school students who came to the centre for behavioural disorders related to the subject. 30 students were selected who received the lowest scores in the moral intelligence test and the highest scores in the bullying test. The 30 individuals were then randomly assigned to control and experiment with 2 groups of 15 individuals. Data collection tools included Michele Borba's Moral Intelligence Questionnaire (1950) and Ellie Noise's Bullying Questionnaire (2001). Then, 11 30-minute sessions of child-centred play therapy were performed on the target group (experiments) and at the end of the session, two groups of experiments and post-test control were performed and the results were analysed. Results at a significance level of 0.001 showed that child-centred play therapy had an effect on the moral intelligence and bullying of elementary students. پرونده مقاله