In order to evaluate the effect of medium and spraying calcium nano-fertilizer on quality of cut gerbera flowers, an experiment was conducted as factorial in completely randomized design with 7 media and 3 calcium nano-fertilizer concentrations with 3 replications. The media included cocopeat + perlite (1:1), peat moss + perlite (1:1), mushroom compost + perlite (1:1), peat moss + cocopeat + perlite (1:1:2), mushroom compost + peat moss + perlite (1:1:2), mushroom compost + cocopeat + perlite (1:1:2) and mushroom compost alone. The concentrations of calcium nano-fertilizer were 0, 1 and 2 mgL-1. Results demonstrated that different media had significant influence on flower diameter, neck flower diameter and vase life. The highest diameter of flower and neck flower were observed in peat + perlite (1:1), the highest flower fresh weight in cocopeat + mushroom compost + perlite (1:1:2) and the greatest vase life in peat + cocopeat + perlite (1:1:2) media. Calcium nano-fertilizer had a significant effect on vase life and flower quality, so that vase life was increased by enhancing the concentration of calcium nano-fertilizer. In interactions between medium and nano-calcium fertilizer, the highest flower number was observed in peat + mushroom compost + perlite (1:1:2) medium without nano-calcium fertilizer, and the greatest anthocyanin was related to peat + cocopeat + perlite (1:1:2) medium without nano-calcium fertilizer. There was no significant interaction in other traits. پرونده مقاله

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of salinity stress and sprayed of the 6-benzylaminopurine (benzyl adenine) on morphological and biochemical characteristics of winter jasmine. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in 2016-2017 growing seasons in research center of greenhouse production of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch. The experiment was carried by using a factorial based on completely randomized design with 4 levels of salinity stress (2, 4, 6 and 8 dS m-1) as the first factor and different levels of benzyl adenine (control (non-application), 25 and 50 mg l-1) as a second factor was performed in 3 replications (total of 36 plots). The traits such as fresh and dry weight of flower, flower number, content of the chlorophyll a, b, total, carotenoids, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme of winter jasmine plant were studied. The results showed that salinity levels and benzyl adenine foliar application have a significant effect on all of traits. The results showed that the activity of SOD was significantly higher in application of 8 dS m-1 salinity than the 2 dS m-1 treatment, and the highest enzymatic activity were recorded at 8 dS m-1 treatment. On the other hand, in investigating the effects of foliar application of Benzyl adenine treatment, it was observed that this factor had positive effects on all of the above traits and their effects were concentration-dependent. It can be concluded that although salinity stress had a negative effect on winter jasmine, benzyl adenine treatment has minimized the negative effects of salinity stress. پرونده مقاله

The application of biofertilizers constitutes one of the main components of nutrient management with a fundamental role in sustainable agriculture and the improvement of plant qualitative traits. The present research assessed the effect of various treatments of phosphate solubilizing bacteria including Pantoea agglomeransstrain P5 and Pseudomonas putida strain P13 (seed inoculation, the application of biofertilizer 2, 4 and 6 weeks after plant emergence, and no inoculation of seeds as control treatment) and the foliar application of ZnSO4 (at 0, 1, 2, and 3 gL-1 rates) on morphological and biochemical traits of marigolds. It was found that the highest plant height and flower fresh weight belonged to plants whose seeds were inoculated with biofertilizer and were fertilized with 2 g L-1 ZnSO4 and also, in plants treated with biofertilizer 2 weeks after plant emergence and fertilized with 1 and 2 g L-1 ZnSO4. Also, the highest flower dry weight and anthocyanin content were obtained from the treatments of biofertilizer 2 and 4 weeks after plant emergence supplemented with 1 and 2 gL-1 ZnSO4. The highest P content was seen in the treatments of biofertilizer 4 and 6 weeks after plant emergence × 2 and 1 gL-1 ZnSO4. In addition, the highest Zn content was obtained from biofertilizer application 6 weeks after plant emergence and in plants fertilized with 3 gL-1 ZnSO4. In contrast, the lowest amount of most parameters was observed at different levels of biofertilizer application without the use of ZnSO4 and with the use of 3 gL-1 ZnSO4. Therefore, the foliar application of ZnSO4 and the soil application of phosphate solubilizing fertilizers can influence the biochemical and morphological traits of marigolds. پرونده مقاله

استفاده از گیاهان دارویی در شرایط آلودگی خاک با فلزات سنگین، از نظر گیاه پالایی، و همچنین اثر بر ویژگی‌های مرفولوژیکی گیاه حائز اهمیت است. اثر فلزات کادمیوم و سرب بر رشد ریشه و اندام هوایی و همچنین تعداد گل گیاه بابونه آلمانی ) Matricaria chamomilla L.) در شرایط گلخانه و مزرعه، در مراحل مختلف رشد با گلدان‌های 10 کیلوگرمی حاوی خاک آلوده شده با کادمیوم (صفر، 10 و 40 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) و سرب (صفر، 60 و 180 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم)، در سال زراعی 98-97 در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی اصفهان مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. اثر شاخص‌های آزمایش شامل غلظت فلز در سطح احتمال پنج درصد، مرحله و محل رشد و اندام گیاه، و همچنین اثر برهمکنش آنها بر ماده خشک معنی‌دار بودند. با افزایش غلظت کادمیوم و سرب از تعداد گل در شرایط مزرعه کاسته و بر تعداد گل در شرایط گلخانه افزوده شد. با افزایش غلظت عناصر سنگین، رشد گیاه بصورت معنی‌دار کاهش یافت، به طوری که میانگین سطح اول 39/480 گرم، سطح دوم 00/416 گرم، و سطح سوم برابر 33/399 گرم بود. بیشترین رشد گیاه در مرحله گلدهی (78/500 گرم) و پنجه زنی (67/511 گرم) به دست آمد که بصورت معنی‌دار از مرحله ساقه‌دهی (28/283 گرم) بیشتر بودند. افزایش غلظت کادمیوم در مقایسه با سرب، بصورت معنی‌دار در سطح احتمال پنج درصد سبب کاهش بیشتر رشد گیاه (11/333 گرم در برابر 44/407 گرم) شد. از گیاه بابونه آلمانی با قابلیت رشد در شرایط آلودگی خاک با فلزات سنگین می‌توان برای پاکسازی محیط های آلوده استفاده نمود. پرونده مقاله

در این تحقیق، تأثیر کاربرد مواد آلی در بستر کشت بر برخی خصوصیات مرفولوژیکی و کیفی گیاه همیشه‌بهار مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. طرح آزمایشی به صورت کاملا تصادفی در 3 تکرار و 8 تیمار در سال 1393 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان اجرا گردید. تیمارها شامل خاک باغچه به‌عنوان شاهد و نسبت‌های مختلفی از خاک باغچه به‌علاوه مواد آلی مختلف شامل کمپوست مصرفی قارچ، سبوس برنج و کود دامی بود. نتایج نشان داد کاربرد تلفیقی بسترهای مختلف کشت (تیمار 4 شامل: خاک باغچه+کمپوست قارچ+سبوس برنج+کود دامی هر کدام به‌نسبت حجمی 25%) سبب افزایش معنی‌دار سطح برگ (76/47 سانتی‌متر مربع)، ارتفاع بوته (60/24 سانتی‌متر)، وزن خشک اندام هوایی و گل (به‌ترتیب 043/0 و 014/0 گرم)، میزان کلروفیلa و کلروفیل کل گردیده. همچنین بیشترین میزان وزن خشک ریشه (0056/0 گرم) در تیمارهای 7 (خاک باغچه+کمپوست مصرفی قارچ+کود دامی هرکدام به‌نسبت حجمی 33%) و 8 (خاک باغچه+کود دامی هرکدام به‌نسبت حجمی 50%) مشاهده شد. طبق نتایج به‌دست آمده، ترکیبات شیمیایی دلتا کادینن و فتالیک اسید در تمام بسترهای کشت گل همیشه‌بهار وجود داشتند و بیشترین میزان دلتا کادینن (24/39 درصد) از گل‌های بستر کشت خاک باغچه+کمپوست قارچ+کود دامی (تیمار 7) به‌دست آمد. پرونده مقاله

Abstract Water salinity is one of the most progressive environmental factors limiting the growth and productivity of plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of salt stress on seed germination and some quantitative trait of tall fescue. For this purpose, a laboratory experiment was conducted at seed laboratory, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch. The traits were radicle and plumule length, fresh and dry weight of radicle and plumule and some properties of seed germination such as germination percent, mean germination time, germination speed, and germination energy and vigor index. Seeds were arranged in petri dishes with 4 replications in completely randomized design with six levels of water salinity including 0, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 dSm−1. The results indicated that salinity stress had significant effect on seed germination and physiological characteristics. The results indicated that salinity of irrigation water significantly reduced all studied properties exception of germination time. The values of these properties were continuously decreased with increasing salinity levels. However, time of germination in salinity levels of 4−7 dSm−1 was significantly higher than that distilled water. Seed vigor index was more affecting salinity stress than germination percent. Keywords:Salinity, Germination, Turfgrass, Radicle, Plumule, Seed پرونده مقاله