Savannah rangelands provide a significant source of income for rural communities, which use them to manufacture a variety of products. Traditionally, rangeland managers used visual and/or physical monitoring methods that were time-consuming, labour-intensive, and expensive. The applicability of these methods to assessing rangeland vegetation remains largely unknown. Photographs taken digitally can be analysed qualitatively or statistically, and analysis can focus on individual species or integrate data from the entire field of view into a community or canopy-level picture. This technique attempts to bridge the gap between ground-based observations and satellite remote sensing. What motivated the review of this digital camera is that the system has proven to be inexpensive in other studies and because images can be analyzed either quantitatively or qualitatively, and the analysis can focus on individual species or integrate across the field of view or canopy-level perspective. Digital cameras were discovered to be scientific instruments capable of accurately estimating and measuring vegetation parameters only recently in crop sciences, where they are used to detect flowering success or track phenological stages in monospecific crop stands. By reducing the labour-intensive nature of monitoring at the field scale with camera-based remote sensing, these effective applications demonstrate the vast potential of camera-based remote sensing. Digital Image Analysis (DIA) offers a more continuous method of capturing data, storing and transferring it electronically to a computer, and processing it with image-analysis software. The number of data that can be collected each day at a given time is limited as opposed to visual estimations. پرونده مقاله

Street vending is common in developing nations, where urbanization is growing faster than in developed nations. It is often thought that street vendors impede cities' ability to modernize and become global because they provide services at a lower cost, but this may not be the case. Waste from street vending is improperly disposed of, and vendor waste has an impact on the environment. The illegal dumping of waste attracts rats, causes air pollution from meat preparation smoke, and clogs drainage systems. Putting improperly discarded plastics and papers down drains results in rat food and blockages. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the waste management practices of street vendors in Cape Town's informal settlements. Data was collected qualitatively and quantitatively using a questionnaire. Purposeful sampling was used because it's time and cost-effective. SPSS 26 was used for statistical analysis. Most street vendors have secondary education or no formal education, so it is not surprising that up to 40% dump waste illegally (behind the stall and in open spaces). A small percentage of street vendors (12.3%) collect garbage in buckets or containers. The municipality collects the bins once a week, but when they're full, vendors may illegally dump the trash. Street vendors need environmental education to understand the importance of caring for the environment and that people need the environment more than the environment needs them. پرونده مقاله