هدف از این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر متغیرهای نئوکلاسیکی و نهادی (شاخصهایحکمرانی خوب) بر نرخ اشتغال کشورهای توسعه یافته عضو سازمان توسعه و همکاری اقتصادی (OECD) می‌باشد. به این منظور، پس از بررسی مبانی نظری اقتصاد نئوکلاسیکی و نهادگرایی (قدیم و جدید) و نیز پیشینه تحقیق، در گام بعد، متغیرهای نئوکلاسیکی و نهادی، براساس مدل اقتصادسنجی داده های تابلویی برای 24 کشور توسعه یافته مذکور طی دوره زمانی 2011-1996مدنظر قرار گرفته است. تخمین مدل تحقیق به روش ترکیبی در قالب هفت معادله (معادله اول دارایمتغیرهای نئوکلاسیکی و شش معادله دیگر شامل متغیرهاینهادی در کنار شاخص های حکمرانی خوب بطور مجزا)، برای کشورهای توسعه یافته نشان داد که متغیرهای نئوکلاسیکی شامل، سهم سرمایه ثابت ناخالص به عنوان درصدی از GDP‌ واقعی (GFC)، سهم مخارج مصرفی نهایی واقعی سرانه به عنوان درصدی از GDP واقعی(FCE) و سهم جریان سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی به عنوان درصدی از GDP واقعی (FDI)، به جز برخی مقاطع برای FCE‌ و FDI در هر هفت معادله تخمینی، مثبت و معنادار بوده است. البته شدت تاثیر و معناداری متغیر GFC از متغیرهای FCE و FDI. بر نرخ اشتغال کشورهای منتخببیشتر بوده است. از طرفی تمامیمتغیرهای نهادی بر نرخ اشتغالاین کشورها اثر مثبت و معناداری داشتند بطوریکه شاخص کنترل فساد، حق اظهارنظر مردم و پاسخگویی دولت، اثربخشی دولت، حاکمیت قانون، کیفیت مقررات و ثبات سیاسی، رتبه‌های اول الی ششم را از حیث شدت میزان تاثیرگذاری بر نرخ اشتغال این کشورها به خود اختصاص داده‌اند. در پایان نیز پیشنهادات کاربردی جهت ارتقاء نرخ اشتغال کشورهای مورد بررسی براساس توجه به رویکرد نهادگرایی (با تاکید بر حکمرانی خوب) ارائه شده است. پرونده مقاله

نقش اصلی بورس اوراق بهادار، جذب و هدایت پس‌اندازها و نقدینگی سرگردان و پراکنده در اقتصاد به سوی مسیرهای بهینه آن است، به‌گونه‌ای که به تخصیص بهینه منابع کمیاب مالی منجر شود، اما این امر مهم، منوط به وجود کارایی بازار است.کارا بودن بازار از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است، زیرا در صورت کارا بودن بازار سرمایه، هم قیمت اوراق بهادار به‌درستی و عادلانه تعیین می‌شود و هم تخصیص سرمایه که مهمترین عامل تولید و توسعه اقتصادی است به صورت مطلوب و بهینه انجام می گیرد. هدف اصلی این تحقیق، آزمون تاثیرگذاری کارایی بازار سرمایه از طریق متغیر میانجی سرمایه گذاری بر کیفیت مدیریت سود شرکت‌های پذیرفته شده در بازار بورس اوراق بهادار ایران می باشد. در این پژوهش پس از بررسی مبانی نظری و پیشینه تحقیق، نمونه‌ای متشکل از 172 شرکت پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران، با هدف اندازه‌گیری کیفیت مدیریت سود شرکتها، استفاده شده است. آنالیز رگرسیون چندگانه نشان داد که بین کارایی بازار بورس اوراق بهادار و کیفیت مدیریت سود شرکت‌ها رابطه منفی و معناداری وجود دارد. همچنین نتیجه دیگر نشان داد میزان سرمایه گذاری به عنوان یک متغیر میانجی در رابطه بین کارایی بازار بورس اوراق بهادار و کیفیت مدیریت سود شرکت‌ها تاثیر معناداری ندارد. پرونده مقاله

هدف اصلی از این تحقیق، بررسی تاثیر روشهای تامین مالی بر نرخ بازدهی کل واقعی شرکت های پذیرفته شده منتخب گروه صنعت شیمیایی و نفتی، کک و سوخت هسته ای (39 شرکت نمونه از 43 شرکت این گروه) طی دوره زمانی 94-1390 در بازار بورس و اوراق بهادار تهران با رویکرد اقتصادسنجی داده های تابلویی می باشد. لذا ابتدا ضمن بیان کلیات تحقیق و مبانی نظری مرتبط با تامین مالی و روشهای داخلی و خارجی آن به بررسی پیشینه تحقیق (مطالعات داخلی و خارجی) پرداختیم. در گام بعدی تصریح و برآورد مدل تحقیق بر اساس آزمونهای تشخیصی مربوطه به روش اثرات ثابت انجام گرفت که نتایجه آن بیانگر تایید رابطه مثبت و معنادار تمام متغیرهای مستقل و کنترلی تحقیق (هزینه سرمایه، سود انباشته، اهرم مالی، ظرفیت سوداوری و اندازه شرکت) بر متغیر وابسته (نرخ بازده کل واقعی سهام) شرکت های تحت بررسی بدست آمد بطوریکه تمام فرضیه های تحقیق را می توان پذیرفت. در پایان نیز پیشنهاداتی مبتنی بر نتایج تحقیق در کنار پیشنهاداتی برای مطالعات آتی ارائه شده است. پرونده مقاله

Environmental degradation has become a significant topic in the realm of economic development in recent years. Therefore, the main objective of the present research is to examine the influence of natural resource rent and political stability on the environmental degradation index in selected developing countries between the years 2006 and 2020. This study aims to achieve practical objectives and adopts an analytical-inferential approach methodologically. The research methodology is of a correlational nature based on its essence and content. The statistical population includes all developing countries. In this study, a random sampling method is employed to determine the sample size, and it involves a case study spanning the years from 2006 to 2020, with a sample of 20 developing countries. Data collection is facilitated through the utilization of databases. For data analysis and result derivation, Eviews 9 and Excel 2010 software have been utilized. The findings of the current research indicate a significant relationship between the impact of natural resource rent and political stability on the environmental degradation index in the selected developing countries using a combined data approach. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that natural resource rent, energy intensity, and urban population have a positive and meaningful impact on the environmental degradation index in the developing countries. پرونده مقاله

The main purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of capital market efficiency through the mediating variable of political cycles based on the theory of constraint on the rate of total stock returns for manufacturing companies listed on the Iranian Stock Exchange. In this regard, first, the theoretical foundations and internal and external background of the research have been examined and in the next step, a sample of 178 companies from manufacturing companies based on the fixed effects method, and for two research models the estimation of panel econometric models has been done. In the next step, the research model was estimated by considering the variables of political cycles for the period of 1384 to 1392 (political period of fundamentalism) and also the period of 1392 to 1398 (non-fundamentalist political period). The results showed the negative effect of the political cycle variable in the fundamentalist period and the positive and significant effect of the political cycle variable in the non-fundamentalist period on the stock return rate. In the end, suggestions were made to improve the stock rate of return of listed companies based on the results. پرونده مقاله

This study aimed to recognize the impact of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates and interest rates on the index of economic freedom in Iran. The research method was practical and descriptive-analytical. The vector auto regression model was used for examining the research model and the Johansen- Juselius procedure was applied for determining the coefficients in the long-run situation. The statistical sample was related to macroeconomic variables and the index of economic freedom in Iran between1996-2019. Fluctuations of the real foreign exchange rate (RER) and real interest rate (RIR) were the independent variables of the study. The dependent variable was the economic freedom index (EFI). Financial development (FIN) and foreign direct investment (FDI) were the control variables. The data were analyzed using Eviews 10 and Excel 2016. The results indicated that fluctuations in the foreign exchange rates and interest rates have a significant impact on the economic freedom index of the country; i.e. as instabilities increase in the economic sections of the country, the economic freedom index decreases. پرونده مقاله

The main goal of this research is to test the effect of the degree of access, use and skill in the field of information andcommunication technology and the variable ratio of liquidity to GDP on the employment rate of BRICS membercountries and Iran. For this purpose, in the first step, the generalities of the research and the literature and thebackground of the research have been reviewed. Then, based on the information collected from the data of the researchvariables for the period from 2002 to 2020, a research model was designed for 5 BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia,India, China and South Africa) and Iran. In the next step, in order to analyze the data (test the research hypotheses),the panel model was aligned using the random effects method. The results show that all research hypotheses wereconfirmed. In other words, it can be said, the degree of development of ICT (degree of access), e-commerce (use andskills in the field of ICT), the ratio of liquidity to GDP (financial development), foreign direct investment, researchand development expenses, labor and capital. It has a significant impact on the employment rate in BRICS membercountries and Iran. At the end, the research results and suggestions based on it are presented. پرونده مقاله

Today, the automotive industry is considered one of the strategic options for economic development. This industry plays an important role in the economic cycle of countries and has a special place in the world financial services industry. One of the most important competitive tools in this industry is the impact of macro variables on production profitability. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of fluctuations in economic variables affecting the profitability of IranKhodro Manufacturing Company. In this study, to test the hypotheses, the information of IranKhodro's high-circulation cars in the period between 2013-2019 was used. Independent research variables include exchange rate, inflation rate, order price, and imported cars. After calculating the required variables, a composite data regression model was used to test the hypotheses. To choose between the methods of combined regression patterns and panel data patterns, the Limer F test was used. The panel data method was selected and it was necessary to perform the Hausman test, which also confirmed the use of a fixed-effects pattern. The results of the research hypotheses showed that there is a significant relationship between exchange rate trends, inflation rate, mandatory (mandatory) pricing and imported cars, and the profitability of IranKhodro's high-volume products. پرونده مقاله

The main goal of this research is to test the effect of speculative price bubble and cost of capital on the relative netprofit of the group of banks and credit financial institutions admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange (30 cases). Tehran'ssecurities during the time period of 2016-2019 are based on the econometric approach of panel data. For this purpose,firstly, while stating the theoretical foundations and background of the research, in the next step, the specification andestimation of the research model was done based on the relevant diagnostic tests, finally using the fixed effects method.The estimation results confirm the positive and significant relationship between the independent variables (real cashdividend in a previous period, which indicates the price bubble of rational speculation in the research model, and thecapital cost variable) on the relative net profit of the selected sample. Thus, the first hypothesis of the research, whichstates that the price bubble of rational speculation has a significant effect on the relative net profit of the group ofbanks and credit institutions admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange, was confirmed. Also, the second hypothesis,which states that the cost of capital has a significant effect on the relative net profit of the selected sample, wasconfirmed. At the end, suggestions based on the research results have been presented in order to moderate the effectof speculative price bubble and strengthen the effect of capital cost on the relative net profit of the selected sample. پرونده مقاله

The main purpose of this study is to test the relationship between types of cash and profitability based on economic, accounting, and consolidated approaches for manufacturing companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this regard, first, the theoretical foundations and internal and external background of the research are examined and in the next step a sample of 165 companies from manufacturing companies based on the fixed effects method and three research models based on the panel econometric approach for the period 2016-2016. Is. The results of estimating the first model confirm the significant relationship between the criteria for measuring the profitability performance of manufacturing companies based on the economic approach of investors with the total flow of free and operating cash. On the other hand, the analysis of the second model of the research showed that there is a significant relationship between the criteria for measuring the profitability performance of manufacturing companies based on the integrated approach of investors with the total flow of free and operational cash. Also, the third hypothesis of the research, which states that there is a significant relationship between the criteria for measuring the profitability performance of manufacturing companies based on investors' accounting approach with the total flow of free and operational cash, was confirmed after estimating the third model of the research. Finally, suggestions for improving the financial performance of selected manufacturing companies were presented based on the results. پرونده مقاله

The purpose of this research is to test the comparative effectiveness of tax policy, literacy rate and urbanization rateon the fair distribution of income for member countries of the Organization of Islamic Conference. Based on this, wefirst examined the theoretical foundations and background of the research (related domestic and foreign studies). Inthe next step, to test the research hypotheses, the econometric model based on the panel data model for 5 selectedmember countries of the Organization of the Islamic Conference based on filters such as being Asian, neighboringIran, and economic and political stability for the period 2000 to 2020 is selected and estimated. has been Although theresults of the analysis confirm the acceptance of the main and sub-hypotheses of the research, considering that mostof the coefficients of the estimated variables have negative effects on the Gini coefficient, it can be said that theimplementation of tax policies (direct and indirect taxes) and development (literacy rate and expansion ofurbanization) does not have a favorable effect on income distribution in the selected member countries of theOrganization of the Islamic Conference (Iran, Oman, Kuwait, Qatar and Saudi Arabia). At the end, suggestions forimproving income distribution are provided according to the research results for selected countries. پرونده مقاله

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of Bank Melli in supporting the production of domestic goods by providing banking facilities for the purchase of goods based on the Kaplan and Norton Balanced Scorecards model. To achieve this goal, the theoretical foundations and related internal and external studies have been examined. In the next step, based on the research model and its dimensions, a research questionnaire was designed and distributed among a sample of 150 managers and experts of Bank Melli and examined and descriptive and inferential statistical analysis (testing of research hypotheses). The results show that there is a significant difference between the current and favorable situation of purchasing domestic goods by providing facilities for purchasing goods of Bank Melli in all four dimensions of the balanced evaluation model (value, finance, work processes, and education and learning). Finally, in the framework of the research results, proposals were presented to support domestic production based on the mentioned dimensions with the help of facilities granted for the purchase of domestic goods of Bank Melli. پرونده مقاله