Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder characterized by impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Dietary fatty acids may play a role in the progression of PCOS and related metabolic abnormalities. We conducted a case-control study to examine the association between dietary atherogenic index (AI) and PCOS risk. The study included 203 women with PCOS and 291 healthy controls from Taleghenai Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Demographic, anthropometric, and dietary data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. AI was calculated based on dietary fatty acid intake. Participants’ mean ages were 28.98±5.43 and 30.15±6.21 years for cases and controls, respectively. No significant differences in intakes of total fat, cholesterol, saturated, trans, monounsaturated fatty acids, linoleic, or linolenic acids were observed across AI quartiles (p>0.05). However, polyunsaturated fatty acid intake decreased significantly with increasing AI quartiles (p=0.034). In addition, this case-control study found no relationship between the dietary atherogenic index and the risk of PCOS among Iranian women. Further research is needed to validate these findings and elucidate the role of dietary fatty acids in PCOS pathogenesis. پرونده مقاله