Investigating the correlation between Land Surface Temperature, Vegetation Coverage, Methane (CH4) concentration, precipitation, and wind, and their effects on the tourism rate in Bangkok and London using Google Earth Engine (GEE)
محورهای موضوعی : Environment
1 - Ph.D. Candidate in environmental science and engineerig, Department of Environment, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran
کلید واژه: Remote Sensing, Vegetation, Land Surface Temperature, Topography, Google Earth Engine ,
چکیده مقاله :
Background and objective: Tourism, a key factor in sustainable development, faces challenges like air pollution and urban heat islands. Land Surface Temperature (LST), affected by factors such as surface type, weather, and solar radiation, is critical in understanding local climate dynamics. This study aims to examine the relationship between LST, vegetation cover, wind patterns, precipitation, and methane (CH4) levels, .and their impact on tourism in Bangkok and London Materials and methods: The study utilized satellite data from Sentinel-5P, Sentinel-2, Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM), and Sentinel-3A images, processed through Google Earth Engine (GEE). Online platforms like Weatherspark provided supplementary data. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), wind, precipitation, and CH4 concentrations were analyzed to assess their influence on LST distribution and their subsequent impact on tourism in both cities. Results and conclusion: : The results reveal a strong correlation between LST and vegetation cover. Bangkok's higher LST, especially in central areas, is linked to sparse vegetation, whereas London's consistent vegetation coverage results in lower LST and a cooler climate. Methane pollution in Bangkok is concentrated in the northeast, with a general decline in emissions in both cities. London, with more favorable temperatures and weather conditions, received a higher tourism rating (7.1) compared to Bangkok (6.1). This study highlights the importance of urban planning and environmental management to mitigate the effects of heat islands, providing valuable insights for sustainable tourism development.
Background and objective: Tourism, a key factor in sustainable development, faces challenges like air pollution and urban heat islands. Land Surface Temperature (LST), affected by factors such as surface type, weather, and solar radiation, is critical in understanding local climate dynamics. This study aims to examine the relationship between LST, vegetation cover, wind patterns, precipitation, and methane (CH4) levels, .and their impact on tourism in Bangkok and London Materials and methods: The study utilized satellite data from Sentinel-5P, Sentinel-2, Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM), and Sentinel-3A images, processed through Google Earth Engine (GEE). Online platforms like Weatherspark provided supplementary data. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), wind, precipitation, and CH4 concentrations were analyzed to assess their influence on LST distribution and their subsequent impact on tourism in both cities. Results and conclusion: : The results reveal a strong correlation between LST and vegetation cover. Bangkok's higher LST, especially in central areas, is linked to sparse vegetation, whereas London's consistent vegetation coverage results in lower LST and a cooler climate. Methane pollution in Bangkok is concentrated in the northeast, with a general decline in emissions in both cities. London, with more favorable temperatures and weather conditions, received a higher tourism rating (7.1) compared to Bangkok (6.1). This study highlights the importance of urban planning and environmental management to mitigate the effects of heat islands, providing valuable insights for sustainable tourism development.
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