بررسی روش‌های مدیریت و بازیافت زباله‌های روبه رشد الکترونیکی با تاکید بر فرآیندهای سازگار با محیط زیست

محورهای موضوعی : انرژی های تجدیدپذیر

سامان مدنیان ¹ , سید محمد علی زنجانی ²

1 - دانشکده مهندسی برق- واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران
2 - مرکز تحقیقات ریز شبکه های هوشمند- واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/08/15 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/01/30 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/02/15

کلید واژه: مدیریت زباله, آلودگی محیط زیست, زباله‌های الکترونیکی, زنجیره بلوک, پالس قدرت,

چکیده مقاله :

زباله های الکترونیکی (E-waste) شامل دستگاه های الکتریکی یا الکترونیکی منسوخ شده هستند. بازیافت زباله های الکترونیکی از نظر حفاظت از منابع و محیط زیست یک موضوع مهم است. در حال حاضر، سالانه نزدیک به 3/1 میلیارد تن زباله در سراسر جهان تولید می شود که انتظار می رود تا سال 2025 به 3/4 میلیارد تن در سال افزایش یابد. پیش بینی شده است که تولید زباله های الکتریکی از رایانه های قدیمی 500درصد طی یک دهه افزایش یابد و در سال 2020 در مقایسه با سال 2007، تلفن های همراه دور انداخته شده تقریباً 18 برابر بیشتر خواهد شد. شناخت و درک اجزای مختلف زباله های الکترونیکی به بازیافت مؤثرشان کمک می کند. تجهیزات الکترونیکی پیشرفته شامل تقریباً 60 عنصر مختلف شامل مواد با ارزش و خطرناک است. مهمترین اجزای ارزشمند زباله های الکتریکی، مدارهای چاپی (PCBs) هستند که به غیر از فلزات باارزش، حاوی مواد خطرناک بسیاری می باشند. برای جلوگیری از مسمومیت انسان و محیط زیست، تجزیه و تحلیل ویژگی ها و ترکیبات مواد مختلف در زباله های الکترونیکی و تعیین نحوه مدیریت مجدد آن ها از طریق فرآیندهای زیست محیطی سالم، امری ضروری به حساب می آید. در این مقاله، به طرح کلی مشکلات E-Wastelands شامل دسته بندی زباله های الکترونیکی، ترکیبات آن، مدیریت و فرآیندهای بازیافتی مختلف و سازگار با محیط زیست و توجه به استخراج فلزات با ارزش اشاره می شود. با وجود تلاش های بسیاری که برای توسعه فناوری بازیافت شده است؛ اما به دلیل پیچیدگی سامانه زباله های الکترونیکی، این فناوری همچنان دارای معایب بسیاری است. بنابراین در ادامه، درباره معایب هر فرآیند از نظر مشکلات فنی و درجه حفاظت از محیط زیست نیز بحث می شود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Electronic waste (E-waste) consists of obsolete electrical or electronic devices. Electronic waste recycling is of importance when it comes to protecting resources and environment. Today, nearly 1.3 billion tons/year of waste is produced worldwide, which is expected to increase to 4.3 billion tons/year by 2025. E-waste from old PCs is predicted to increase to 500 percent over a decade, and by 2020, compared to 2007, the disposal of cell phones will be increased by almost 18 times. Understanding and distinguishing different components of E-waste can help their efficient recycling. Sophisticated electronic devices contain approximately 60 different elements, which include valuable and hazardous materials. The most valuable component of E-waste is PCB, which contain many hazardous materials besides valuable metals. To prevent human and environmental poisoning, it is necessary to analyze the properties and compounds of different materials in E-waste and to find ways of re-managing it using healthy and environmentally friendly processes. In this paper, we focus on the general E-wasteland problems, such as the classification of E-waste, its constituents, various eco-friendly waste manage­me­n­t and recycling processes, as well as considering valuable metals extraction. Despite many efforts to develop the recycling technology, this technology has many disadvantages due to the complexity of E-waste treatment systems. Therefore, the disadvantages of each process are discussed by considering technical problems and environmental protection level.

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