Metaphoric Language Use in a Sample of Modern Political Discourse on Iran-West Relations
محورهای موضوعی : Research Paper
Somayyeh Jafarnezhad
1
(English Language Department, Sarab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sarab, Iran)
Bahloul Salmani
2
(Department of English, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran)
Hossein Sadegh Oghli
3
(English Language Department, Sarab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sarab, Iran)
کلید واژه: conceptual metaphor, source domains, political articles, Critical Metaphor Analysis,
چکیده مقاله :
The present study was carried out with the purpose of examining the role of metaphorical language in the critical discourse analysis (CDA) of political texts based on a modern framework postulated by Kövecses (2015). The corpus of the study consisted of thirty-thousand words chosen as a textual sample to see which source conceptual domains are used and what generic/discursive attributes emerge upon the analysis. It was prepared through systematic random sampling from different editorial articles in Western political magazines on the relations between Iran and the West in the time span of 2010-2019. Then, Critical Metaphor Analysis was used to explain the trend and patterns in the political articles, mostly lending support to previous research by authority figures in critical and political metaphor analysis that metaphors are used in shaping political thinking, in aiding political persuasion, and in steering cognitive scenarios and models towards the shaping of interpretations of the nations as person or body metaphors. Finally, the study lent ample support to this latter view in its textual findings of the conceptual metaphors used. The findings of the study provide foreign language education in general and the EFL classrooms in particular, with some implications for further research.
Aljukić, L. (2019). A Steep and Rocky Path to Brexit: Creative Metaphors in British Political Discourse on Brexit. DHS, 2(8), 103-122.
Arcimavičienė L. (2014), Presidential New Year greetings: What is implied by metaphors? Studies about languages. 24, 76-86.
Bednarek, M. (2005). Construing the world: Conceptual metaphors and event- construal in news stories. Metaphorik. De, 9, 6–32.
Bednarek, M. (2006a). Epistemological positioning and evidentiality in English news discourse: A text-driven approach. Text & Talk, 26(6), 635–60.
Beer, F. A., & Landtsheer, C. D. (2004). Metaphors, politics, and world politics. In F. A. Beer, & C. De Landtsheer (Eds.). Metaphorical World Politics (pp. 5-55).Michigan State University Press.
Cameron, L. (2003). Metaphor in educational discourse. London: Continuum.
Cammaerts, B. (2012). The strategic use of metaphors by political and media elites: the 2007-11 Belgian constitutional crisis. International Journal of Media and Cultural Politics, 8 (2/3), 229-249.
Charteris-Black, J. (2006). Politicians and rhetoric: The persuasive power of metaphor. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Charteris-Black, J. (2007). The Communication of leadership: The design of leadership style. London and New York: Routledge.
Ciagra, A. (2013). Politics in the media and the media in politics: A comparative study of the relationship between the media and political systems in three European countries, European Journal of Communication, vol. 28, 5: pp. 541-555
Eubanks, P. (2000). A war of words in the discourse of trade: The rhetorical constitution of metaphor. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
Farahani, A., & Adeli Jam, Z. (2019). The role of metaphorical language in the critical discourse analysis of Western political texts. Journal of Language and Translation, 9(1), 17-31.
Goatly, A. (2007). Washing the brain: Metaphor and hidden ideology. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Hart, C. (2010). Critical discourse analysis and cognitive science: New perspectives on
immigration discourse. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hellsten, I. (2002). The politics of metaphor: biotechnology and biodiversity in the media. Tampere: Tampere University Press.
Hobbes, T. (1996). Leviathan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
I Raffaelli, D Katunar (2016). A discourse approach to conceptual metaphors: A corpus-based analysis of sports discourse in Croatian, Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 133, 125-147.
Koller, V. (2004). Metaphor and gender in business media discourse: A critical cognitive study. Basingstoke, U.K.: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kövecses, Z. (2005). Metaphor in culture: Universality and variation. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
Kövecses, Z. (2009). Metaphor, culture, and discourse: The pressures of coherence. In A. Musolff, & J. Zinken (Eds.), Metaphor and discourse (pp. 11–24). Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan.
Kövecses, Z. (2015). Where metaphors come from: reconsidering context in metaphor. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kövecses, Z. (2017). Conceptual metaphor theory. In Semino, E. & Demjén, Zs. (eds.). The Routledge handbook of metaphor. Oxford: Routledge.
Lakoff, G. (1996). Moral politics: What conservatives know that liberals don’t. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Low, G. (1988). On teaching metaphor. Applied Linguistics, 9 (2), 125-47.
Musolff, A. (2004). Metaphor and political discourse: Analogical reasoning in debates about Europe. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Musolff, A. (2006). Metaphor scenarios in public discourse. Metaphor and Symbol, 21(1), 23–38.
Musolff, A., & Zinken, J. (eds.) (2009). Metaphor and discourse. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Musolff, A. (2016). Political Metaphor Analysis. Discourse and Scenarios. John Benjamins.
Nartey (2018). Football in computer-mediated discourse: A move analysis of match reviews Linguistik online 89, 2/1.
Shimko, K.L. (2004). The power of metaphors and the metaphors of power: The United States in the cold war and after. In F. A. Beer, & C. De Landtsheer (Eds.). Metaphorical world politics (pp. 199–215).East Lansing: Michigan State University Press.
Thompson, S. (1996). Politics without metaphors is like a fish without water. In J. Scott Mio, & A. N., Katz (Eds.). Metaphor: Implications and applications (pp. 185-201). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
