نگاهی به تاریخچه و فیلوژنی گونه گل محمدی (Rosa × damascena)
محورهای موضوعی : گیاه شناسی
مهرنوش پناهی
1
(
گروه گیاه شناسی موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع ، تهران ، ایران
)
کلید واژه: ایران, رز, گل محمدی, فیلوژنی, دورگ,
چکیده مقاله :
گونه گل محمدی (Rosa × damascena) از مهمترین گونه های تیره گل سرخیان (Rosaceae) در ایران است که در گـستره کوهـستانی ایـران از پهنه های غربی کشور تا کوهپایـه هـای مرکزی و شرقی تکثیر می یابد. این گونه به لحاظ کاربرد در صنایع دارویی و عطرسازی حائز اهمیت است. براساس مطالعات گسترده ای که بر روی ژنوتیپ های این گونه در ایران صورت گرفته تنوع قابل ملاحظه ای مشاهده شده است و ایران به عنوان مرکزی دارای پتانسیل در ایجاد تنوع ژنتیکی و اصلاح ارقام این گونه می تواند درنظر گرفته شود. به نظر می رسد این گونه می تواند مهمترین جد مستقیم واریته های شمال غرب اروپایی بخشه Rosa در جنس Rosa بوده باشد که به صورت دورگی از سه گونه رز وحشی بوجود آمده و گونه R. moschata گونه والد مادری آسیایی آن است. طبق شواهد فسیل بدست آمده آسیا به عنوان ناحیه اجدادی برای جنس Rosa پیشنهاد می‌شود و بخش Synstylae از این جنس به عنوان قدیمی ترین گروه در حدود 30 میلیون سال پیش به سمت اروپا گسترش یافته است. فیلوژنی این جنس مشکل، نشان می دهد که ارایه تحلیلی در چارچوب تکاملی نیازمند مطالعات بیشتر است.
Damask rose (Rosa × damascena) is one of the most significant species of Rosaceae family scattered in mountain regions of Iran from west lands to central and eastern hills of the country. R. × damascena has considerable applications in pharmaceuticals and perfumeries and has been the subject of vast research. Extensive studies on genotypes of R. × damascena in Iran have shown considerable diversity in this species, and this could represent Iran as a potential hub for genetic diversification and improvement of its cultivars. The species seems to be the most important direct ancestor of North West cultivars in Europe in sect. Rosa, genus Rosa which is thought to be a hybrid with three parents of wild Rosa species, and R. moschata species is its Asian female parent. Based on the evidence from fossils of the genus Rosa, it has been suggested that Asia is the ancestral area for Rosa genus, and the Synstylae lineage in Europe is probably the oldest group that has expanded from Asia about 30 million years ago. The phylogeny of this difficult genus shows presentation of an evolutionary framework requires more in-depth studies.
Agaoglu, Y., Ergul, A. and Baydar, N. (2000). Molecular analysis of genetic diversity of oil rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) grown in Isparta (Turkey) region. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 14(2): 16-18.
Ahmed, S.M. (2019). Phylogenetic analysis of Rosa damascena L. from Taif using DNA barcoding approach. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 51(1): 157-164.
Babaei, A., Tabaei-Aghdaei, S.R., Naghavi, M.R., Khoshkhoi, M., Omidbeigi, R. and Asareh, M.H. (2008). Features of Damasc rose and its inheritance in Iran. Kerman Medicine, 1(14): 75-80.
Baydar, N., Baydar, H. and Debener, T. (2004). Analysis of genetic relationships among Rosa damascena plants grown in Turkey by using AFLP and microsatellite markers. Journal of Biotechnology, 111: 263-267.
Bruneau, A., Starr, J.R. and Joly, S. (2007). Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Rosa: New evidence from chloroplast DNA sequences and an appraisal of current knowledge. Systematic Botany, 32(2): 366-378.
Buttner, R. (2001). Rosa. In: Mansfield’s encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops, pp. 439-445. ed. Hanelt, P., Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Researches.
Chevallier, A. (1996). The encyclopedia of medicinal plants. Dorling Kindersely. London. UK.
Davazdah-Emami, S., Akhavan-Rofigar, A. and Ehtemam, M.H. (2020). Assessment of morphological and micro-morphological features using SEM in several native communities of Damasc rose of Iran. Journal of Plant Research. (In press)
Fougère-Danezan, M., Joly, S., Bruneau, A., Gao, X.F. and Zhang, L.B. (2015). Phylogeny and biogeography of wild roses with specific attention to polyploids. Annuals of Botany, 115: 275-291.
Guoliang, W. (2003). History of roses in cultivation. Ancient Chinese Roses. Encyclopedia of Rose Science, 387–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-227620-5/00045-8.
Khatamsaz, M. (1992). Rosaceae, In: Flora of Iran, V. 6. Pp. 35-70. Research institute of forests and rangelands. Tehran.
Kiani, M., Zamani, Z., Khalighi, A., Fatahi, R. and Byrne, D.H. (2008). Wide genetic diversity of Rosa damascena Mill. germplasm in Iran as revealed by RAPD analysis. Scientia Horticulturae, 115: 386-392.
Koopman, W.J.M., Wissemann, V., De Cuck, K., et al. (2008). AFLP markers as a tool to reconstruct complex relationships: A case study in Rosa (Rosaceae). American Journal of Botany, 95(3): 353-366.
Iwata, H., Kato, T. and Ohno, S. (2000). Triparental origin of Damask roses. Gene, 259 (1-2): 53-59.
Li, C., Zheng, Y. and Huang, P. (2020). Molecular markers from the chloroplast genome of rose provide a complementary tool for variety discrimination and profiling. Scientific Reports, 10, 12188. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68092-1
Liu, C., Wang, G., Wang, H., Xia, T., Zhang, S., Wang, Q. and Fang, Y. (2015). Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Rosa revisited based on rpl16, trnL-F, and atpB-rbcL sequences. HortScience, 50(11): 1618-1624.
Mandenova, I.A. (1970). A revision of Rosa in Turkey. Notes R. P. G. Edinburgh. 30: 327-340.
Martin, M., Piola, F., Chessel, D., Jay, M. and Heizmann, P. (2001). The domestication process of the modern rose: genetic structure and allelic composition of the rose complex. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 102, 398–404.
Millan, T., Osuna, F., Cobos, S., Torres, A.M. and Cubero, J.I. (1996). Using RAPDs to study phylogenetic relationships in Rosa. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 92: 273 – 277.
Nikbakht, A. and Kafi, M. (2010). Damask rose in Iran. Jahad university unit of Isfahan, Isfahan, Pp: 161.
Pal, P.K. (2013). Evaluation, Genetic Diversity, recent development of distillation method, challenges and opportunities of Rosa damascena: A review. Journal of Essential oil Bearing Plants, 16 (1): 1-10.
Pirseyedi, S.M., Mardi, M., Davazdahemami, S., Kermani, M.J. and Mohammadi, S.A. (2005). Analysis of the genetic diversity 12 Iranian Damasc rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) genotypes using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. Iranian Journal of Biotechnology, 3(4): 225-230.
Raisi Nafchi, M.R., Talebi, M. and Zeinali, H. (2012). Molecular analysis in Rosa damascena based on geographic origin. The 3th National Symposium of Agricultural Biotechnology of Iran. Mashhad. Iran. https://civilica.com/doc/204444
Raymond O., Gouzy, J., et al. (2018). The Rose genome provides new insights into the domestication of modern roses. Nature Genetics, 50(6): 772-777. doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0110-3
Ritz, C.M., Schmuths, H. and Wissemann, V. (2005). Evolution by reticulation: European dogroses originated by multiple hybridization across the genus Rosa. Journal of Heredity, 96(1): 4-14.
Rusanov, K., Kovacheva, N., Vosman, B., Zhang, L., Rajapakse, S., Atanassov, A. and Atanassov, I. (2005). Microsatellite analysis of Rosa damascena Mill. accessions reveal genetic similarity between genotypes used for rose oil production and old Damask rose varieties. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 111, 804-809.
Ryoichi, K. (2006). New component of Rose oil and its property. Koryo, 229: 103-111.
Sabeti, H. (2002). Forests, trees, and Shrubs of Iran. Yazd University, Yazd. Pp: 640-641.
Shahbazi, Kh., Shahbazi, K., Yousefi, B. and Safari, H. (2022). Evaluation of chemical compounds of essential oil in Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) accessions. Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-products, 1: 45-55.
Staikov, V. and Kalaijiev, I. (1980). Study of oil roses (Rosa damascena Mill.) originated from India, Morocco, Iran and Bulgaria (in Bulgarian). Plant Science, XVII (4): 58-68.
Tabaei-Aghdaei, S.R., Babaei, A., Khosh-Khui, M., Jaimand, K., Rezaee, M.B., Assareh, M.H. and Naghavi, M.R. (2007). Morphological and oil content variations amongst Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) landraces from different regions of Iran. Scientia Horticulturae, 113: 44-48.
Takeuchi, S., Nomura, K., Uchiyama, H. and Yoneda, K. (2000). Phylogenetic relationship in the genus Rosa based on the restriction enzyme analysis of the chloroplast DNA. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 69(5): 598-604.
Toluei, Z., Hosseini Tafreshi, S.A. and Arefi Torkabadi, M. (2019). Comparative chemical composition analysis of essential oils in different populations of Damask rose from Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 21(2): 423-437.
Wissemann, V. (2003). Conventional taxonomy of wild roses. In: Encyclopedia of rose science Roberts, pp. 111–117. eds. A., Debener, T. and Gudin, S. Elsevier, London, UK.
Wissemann, V. and Ritz, C.M. (2005). The genus Rosa (Rosoideae, Rosaceae) revisited: molecular analysis of nrITS-1 and atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer (IGS) versus conventional taxonomy. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 147: 275-290.
Wu, S., Ueda, Y., He, H., Nishihara, S. and Matsumoto, S. (2000). Phylogenetic analysis of Japanese Rosa species using matK sequences. Breeding Science, 50: 275-281.
Yokoya, K., Roberts, A.V., Mottley, J., Lewis, R. and Brandham, P.E. (2000). Nuclear DNA amounts in roses. Annals of Botany, 85: 557- 561.
Yousefi, B. and Jaimand, K. (2018). Chemical variation in the essential oil of Iranian Rosa damascena landraces under semi-arid and cool conditions. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 5(1): 81-92.
Zhang, C., Li, S.Q., Xie, H.H., Liu, J.Q. and Gao, X.F. (2022). Comparative plastid genome analyses of Rosa: insights into the phylogeny and gene divergence. Tree Genetics & Genomes, 18, 20.
Zhu, Z.M., Gao, X.F. and Fougère-Danezan, M. (2015). Phylogeny of Rosa sections Chinenses and Synstylae (Rosaceae) based on chloroplast and nuclear markers. Molecular phylogenetics and Evolution, 87: 50-64.
_||_