بررسی تنوع فیتوشیمیایی ترکیبات اسانس گونه دارویی Salvia sharifii Rech. f. & Esfand. در رویشگاه‌های مختلف استان هرمزگان

محورهای موضوعی : شیمی و آنالیز ترکیبات طبیعی

علیرضا یاوری ¹

1 - استادیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/07/21 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/09/23 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/12/12

کلید واژه: اسانس, هرمزگان, اهلی کردن, رویشگاه‌ طبیعی, مریم‌گلی جنوبی,

چکیده مقاله :

مریم گلی جنوبی با نام علمی Salvia sharifii Rech. f. & Esfand. یکی از گونه های چندساله و معطر اندمیک متعلق به تیره نعناع (Lamiaceae) می باشد که به صورت خودرو در جنوب ایران رویش یافته و به طور سنتی به‌عنوان ضدعفونی کننده، ضد اسهال، ضد التهاب، بادشکن، هضم کننده و مسکن استفاده می شود. در این تحقیق، در بهار سال 1398 و در مرحله گلدهی کامل، اندام هوایی سه جمعیت مختلف این گیاه از رویشگاه های طبیعی آن در استان هرمزگان شامل آبماه، قطب آباد و سیرمند، در محدوده ارتفاع از سطح دریا 760 تا 1210 متر، جمع‌آوری شده و نمونه ها در سایه و دمای محیط، خشک شدند. استخراج اسانس به روش تقطیر با آب به‌وسیله دستگاه کلونجر با سه تکرار صورت پذیرفت و پس از اندازه گیری بازده اسانس (درصد وزنی به وزنی)، نوع و میزان ترکیبات شیمیایی موجود در اسانس جمعیت ها با استفاده از دستگاه های گاز کروماتوگرافی گازی (GC) و گاز کروماتوگرافی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) مشخص شد. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین و کمترین بازده اسانس به ترتیب مربوط به جمعیت سیرمند (14/1 درصد) و جمعیت قطب آباد (65/0 درصد) بود. ترکیب غالب و مشترک در جمعیت‌های آبماه و سیرمند، لینالول و در جمعیت قطب آباد، المول بود. دومین ترکیب غالب در اسانس آبماه، قطب آباد و سیرمند به ترتیب اسکلارئول اکساید، آگاروسپیرول و هگزیل-2- متیل بوتیرات بودند. در حالی که سومین ترکیب غالب در جمعیت آبماه، هگزیل-2- متیل بوتیرات بود، در دو جمعیت قطب آباد و سیرمند به ترتیب ترکیب های هگزیل کاپریلات و هگزیل ایزو والرات به عنوان سومین ترکیب غالب مشاهده گردید. وجود تنوع شیمیایی در بین جمعیت های طبیعی مریم گلی جنوبی نشان داد ضمن تاثیر وراثت، این گونه دارای پتاسیل سازگاری بالایی نیز می باشد؛ به طوری که دامنه وسیعی از شرایط اقلیمی از قبیل درجه حرارت، ارتفاع و بارندگی در بین جمعیت های مختلف وجود دارد که می تواند در راستای حفاظت و اهلی کردن درون و خارج از محل رویش این گونه در نظر گرفته شود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Salvia sharifii Rech. f. & Esfand belonging to the Lamiaceae family is an endemic medicinal plant which grows wild in south of Iran and is traditionally used as an antiseptic, anti-diarrheal, anti-inflammatory, decongestant, digestive and analgesic. In this research, the aerial parts of the plant were collected from three habitats in Hormozgan province including Abmah, Ghotbabad and Sirmand in the altitude range of 760 to 1210 meters above sea level at full flowering stage in the spring of 2019. The plant materials were dried in shade and at room temperature. The essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation with three replications, the yields were calculated based on dry weight and amount of chemical compounds in the essential oil were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The results showed that the highest and lowest essential oil yields (w/w %) were related to the Sirmand (1.14 %) and Ghotbabad (0.65 %) populations, respectively. The essential oil compound analysis demonestrated that linalool was the major and common compound in Abmah and Sirmand populations; whereas the major compound in Ghotbabad was elemol (14.3 %). The second predominant compound in the essential oil of Abmah, Ghotbabad and Sirmand populations was sclareol oxide, agarospirol and hexyl-2-methyl­ butyrate, respectively. The third major compound in Abmah essential oil was hexyl-2-methyl­ butyrate was, meanwhile, hexyl caprylate and hexyl­isovalerate compounds were the third major compounds in Ghotbabad and Sirmand populations, respectively. Then, The presence of chemical variation among natural populations of S. sharifii showed that in addition to the effect of plant inheritance, this species has a high adaptation potential, so a wide range of climatic conditions such as temperature, altitude and rainfall among different populations could be considered for in situ and ex situ conservation and domestication of the plants.

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