بررسی اثر محلول پاشی کیتوزان بر کمیت و کیفیت اسانس گیاه دارویی Hyssopus officinalis L. subsp. angustifolius Bieb. تحت رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری

محورهای موضوعی : فیتوشیمی

سید محمد علوی سامانی ¹ , عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی ² , فاطمه ملک پور ³

1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه گیاهان دارویی، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران
2 - استاد، مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، واحد شهرقدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیار، گروه زیست‌شناسی، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/10/23 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/06/13 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/09/01

کلید واژه: اسانس, زوفا, کیتوزان, سیس-پینوکامفون, ترانس–پینوکامفون,

چکیده مقاله :

کیتوزان پلی ساکارید گلوسامین مشتق شده از کیتین است که به‌عنوان بیوالیسیتور برای بهبود بیوسنتز متابولیت‌های ثانویه از آن استفاده می شود. برای بررسی اثر الیسیتور کیتوزان بر کمیت و کیفیت اسانس گیاه دارویی گیاه زوفاHyssopus officinalis L. subsp. angustifolius Bieb. از تیره نعناعیان تحت شرایط مختلف رطوبتی در مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی شهرکرد در سال زراعی 1397-1396، آزمایشی به صورت دو عامله در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل غلظت‌های مختلف کیتوزان در 3 سطـــح صفر و 25/0 و 50/0 گرم در لیتر و رژیم های آبیاری با فواصل 4، 6 و 10 روزه بودند. اسانس سرشاخه های گل دار گیاه با دستگاه کلونجر، به روش تقطیر با آب استخراج و توسط دستگاه GC/MS مورد آنالیز فیتوشیمیایی قرار گرفت. مهمترین ترکیبات اسانس زوفا در این تحقیق ترانس - پینوکامفون ، سیس- پینوکامفون، بتا-پینن، میرتنول و آلفا-پینن بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر غلظت های مختلف کیتوزان و رژیم های آبیاری بر میزان عملکرد اسانس زوفا معنی‌دار (P<0.01) بود. غلظت های مختلف محلول پاشی کیتوزان اثر معنی‌داری(P< 0.01) بر میزان ترکیبات مهم اسانس از جمله ترانس -پینوکامفون، سیس- پینوکامفون و میرتنول داشت. هم چنین رژیم های مختلف آبیاری اثر معنی داری بر میزان ترکیبات از جمله آلفاتوجن، دلتا-کارن، ترانس -پینوکامفون، سیس-پینوکامفون (P<0.01) و سابینن، آلفا-پینن و بتا-پینن (P<0.05) داشت. نتایج نشان می دهد بالاترین میزان عملکرد اسانس و ترکیب سیس- پینوکامفون، به عنوان مهم ترین ترکیب اسانس زوفا، از کیتوزان 5/0 گرم در لیتر و آبیاری 10 روز یک بار به دست آمده است. احتمالاً چنین به نظر می رسد که افزایش فواصل دوره آبیاری و استفاده از محلول پاشی کیتوزان می تواند در افزایش عملکرد و ویژگی های کمی و کیفی اسانس گیاه دارویی زوفا موثر باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Chitosan is a chitin-derived glosamine polysaccharide used as a bioelicitor to improve the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. To investigate the effect of chitosan elicitor on the quantity and quality of essential oil of Hyssopus officinalis L. subsp. angustifolius Bieb. under different irrigation regimes, a factorial experiment was conducted in the Research Center for Medicinal Plants, I.A.U., Shahrekord in the crop year 2017-2018 in a RCBD with four replications. Experimental factors included different concentrations of chitosan at three levels of 0, 0.25 and 0.50 g/L and irrigation regimes including 4, 6, and 10-day intervals. The essential oil of the flowering branches of the plant was extracted by hydro-distillation using Clevinger apparatus and phytochemically analyzed by GC/MS. The main compounds of the hyssop essential oil were trans-pinocampone, cis-pinocampone, β-pinene, myrtenol, α-thujene, α-pinene, sabinene, delta-3-carcene and camphor. The results showed that the effect of different concentrations of chitosan and irrigation regimes on the yield of essential oil was significant (P <0.01). Different concentrations of chitosan had a significant effect (P <0.01) on the amount of some compounds essential such as trans-pinocampone, cis-pinocampone and myrtenol. In addition, different irrigation regimes had a significant effect on the amount of some compounds such as trans-pinocampone and cis-pinocampone (P <0.01) and sabinene, α-pinene and β-pinene (P <0.05). The results indicated that the maximum essential oil yield and pinocampone, as the most important consituent of hyssop  is obtained from chitosan  at 0.5 g/L and irrigation once every 10 days. It seems that chitosan foliar application and increasing the intervals of irrigation period can be effective in increasing the yield and quantitative and qualitative properties of hyssop essential oil.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Adams, R.P. 2007. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography / quadrupole mass spectroscopy. Allured Publishing Corporation, CarolStream, IL, USA.


2. Aghaei, K., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Mousavi, A., Badi, H.N. and Mehnatkesh, A. 2019. Effects of foliar spraying of L-phenylalanine and application of bio-fertilizers on growth, yield, and essential oil of hyssop [Hyssopus officinalis subsp. angustifolius (Bieb.)]. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 21: 101318.


3. Ahmadi, H., Babalar, M., Sarcheshmeh, M.A.A., Morshedloo, M.R. and Shokrpour, M. 2020. Effects of exogenous application of citrulline on prolonged water stress damages in hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis): Antioxidant activity, biochemical indices and essential oils profile. Food Chemistry, 333: 127433.


4. Alavi-Samani, S.M., Kachouei, M.A. and Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. 2015. Growth, yield, chemical composition, and antioxidant activity of essential oils from two Thyme species under foliar application of jasmonic acid and water deficit conditions. Horticulture, Environment and Biotechnology, 56(4): 411-420.


5. Babaei, K., Moghaddam, M., Farhadi, N. and Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. 2021. Morphological, physiological and phytochemical responses of Mexican marigold (Tagetes minuta) to drought stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 284: 110116.


6. Bakhtiar, A., Khaghani, S., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Gomarian, M. and Chavoshi, S. 2021. Essential oil variation among different populations of Ziziphora tenuior cultivated at semiarid climate. Journal Essential Oil Research, 33: 385-393.


7. Dehghanzadeh, N., Ketabchi, S. and Alizadeh, A. 2012. Essential oil composition and antibacterial activity of Hyssopus officinalis L. grown in Iran. Asian Journal of Experimental Biological Sciences, 3(4): 767-771.


8. Emami Bistgani, Z., Siadat, S.A., Bakhshandeh, A., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. and Hashemi, M. 2017. Interactive effects of drought stress and chitosan application on physiological characteristics and essential oil yield of Thymus daenensis The Crop Journals, 5(5): 407- 415.


9. Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi, S., Sharifi, M., Safaie, N. and Behmanesh, M. 2012. Enhancement of lignin and phenylpropanoid compounds production by chitosan in Linum album cell culthure. Journal of Plant Biology, 11: 13-26 (In Persian).


10. Fathiazad, F., Mazandarani, M. and Hamedeyazdan, S. 2011. Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of Hyssopus officinalis L. from Iran. Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1(2): 63-67.


11. Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. and Craker, L.E. 2015. Diversity in chemical compositions of essential oil of Myrtle leaves from various natural habitats in south and southwest Iran. Journal of Forestry Research, 26(4): 971-981.


12. Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. and Imaniyan-Fard, M. 2016. Variation on biological activity and phytochemical characteristics of gum tragacanth exudate from Astragalus gossypinus and parrowianus. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-Hortorum Cultus, 15(3): 141-152.


13. Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Ghahfarokhi, B., Ghahfarokhi, S.A.M. and Malekpoor, F. 2015. Chemical composition of essential oils from the aerial parts and underground parts of Iranian valerian collected from different natural habitats. Industrial Crops and Products, 63: 147-151.


14. Ghassemi Pirbalouti, A., Gorgij, A. and Rahimmalek, M. 2013. Phytochemical response of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) to foliar application of jasmonic acid. Journal of Herbal Drugs, 4(1): 7-14.


15. Ghassemi Pirbalouti, A., Malekpoor, F., Salimi, A., Golparvar, A. and Hamedi, B. 2017. Effects of foliar of the application chitosan and reduced irrigation on essential oil yield, total phenol content and antioxidant activity of extracts from green and purple basil. Acta Scientlarum. Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 16(6): 177–186.


16. Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Mohamadpoor, H., Bajalan, I. and Malekpoor, F., 2019. Chemical compositions and antioxidant activity of essential oils from inflorescences of two landraces of hyssop [Hyssopus officinalis subsp. angustifolius (Bieb.)] cultivated in Southwestern, Iran. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 22: 1074-1081.


17. Goudarzian, A., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. and Hossaynzadeh, M., 2020. Menthol, balance of menthol/menthone, and essential oil contents of Mentha× Piperita L. under foliar-applied chitosan and inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 23(5): 1012-1021.


18. Heng, Y., Xavier, C., Lars, F., Chritensen, P. and Kai, G. 2012. Chitosan oligosaccharides promote the content of polyphenol in Greek Oregano (Origanum vulgare Hirtum). Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 60: 136-143.


19. 2012. (Islamic Republic of Iran Meteorological Organization). Climatology methods. www.irimo.ir.


20. Jangi, F., Ebadi, M.T. and Ayyari, M. 2021. Qualitative changes in hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) as affected by cold plasma, packaging method and storage duration. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 22: 100289.


21. Khosh Eqbal, F., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Enteshari, S. and Davarpanah, S.J. 2020. Qualitative and quantitative effects of drought stress on essential oil compositions of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis). Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology), 33(2): 292-303. (in Persian).


22. Malekpoor, F., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Salimi, A. and Momtaz, H. 2017. Effects of chitosan on gene expression of chavicol-O-methyl transferase and phenylpropanoid components of Ocimum basilicum (purple cultivar) under water deficit. Journal of Iranian Biology Society, 30: 391-401. (in Persian).


23. Mishra, A.K., Sharma K. and Misra R.S. 2012. Elicitor recognition, signal transduction and induced resistance in plants, Journal of Plant Interactions, 7(2): 95-120.


24. Moghaddam, M. and Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. 2017. Agro-morphological and phytochemical diversity of Iranian Cuminum cyminum Industrial Crops and Products, 99: 205-213.


25. Momeni, M., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Mousavi, A. and Badi, H.N. 2020. Effect of foliar applications of salicylic acid and chitosan on the essential oil of Thymbra spicata under different soil moisture conditions. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 23(5): 1142-1153.


26. Pradhan, J., Sahoo, S.K., Lalotra, S. and Sarma, R.S. 2017. Positive impact of abiotic stress on medicinal and aromatic plants. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 12 (2): 309-313.


27. Saebi, A., Minaei, S., Mahdavian, A.R. and Ebadi, M.T. 2021. Quantity and quality of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) affected by precision harvesting. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 8(3): 271-284.


28. Said-Al, H.A.H., Abbas, Z.K., Sabra, A.S. and Tkachenko, K.G. 2015. Essential oil composition of Hyssopus officinalis. International Journal of Plant Science and Ecology, 1(2): 49-53.


29. Sheikha, S.A.A.K. and AL-Malki, F.M. 2009. Growth and chlorophyll responses of Bean plants to the chitosan applications. European Journal of Scientific Research, 50:124-134.


30. Srivastava, A., Awasthi, K., Kumar, B., Misra, A. and Srivastava, S. 2018. Pharmacognostic and pharmacological evaluation of Hyssopus officinalis (Lamiacea) collected from Kashmir Himalayas, India. Pharmacognosy Journal, 10 (4): 690-693.


31. Tavakoli, M. and Aghajani, Z. 2016. The effects of drought stress on the components of the essential oil of Hyssopus. Journal of applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 6(2): 31-36.


32. Zawiślak, G. 2013. Morphology and composition of essential oil in Hyssopus officinalis and chemical composition of its essential oil. Modern Phytomorphology, 4: 93–95.