بررسی تنوع فیتوشیمیایی عصاره اتانولی پوست درخت Fraxinus excelsior L. در رویشگاه‌های مختلف جنگل‌های هیرکانی در استان مازندران
محورهای موضوعی :
فیتوشیمی
معصومه سلیمانی رحیم ابادی
1
(
دانشجوی دکتری، گروه جنگل شناسی و اکولوژی دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، مازندران، ایران
)
سید محمد حسینی نصر
2
(
دانشیار، گروه جنگل شناسی و اکولوژی دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، مازندران، ایران
)
حمید جلیلوند
3
(
استاد، گروه جنگل شناسی و اکولوژی دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، مازندران، ایران
)
سید محمد حجتی
4
(
دانشیار، گروه جنگل شناسی و اکولوژی دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، مازندران، ایران،
)
پوریا بی پروا
5
(
دانشیار، گروه جنگل شناسی و اکولوژی دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، مازندران، ایران
)
تاریخ دریافت : 1399/09/17
تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/03/08
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/06/01
کلید واژه:
مازندران,
پوست,
کارواکرول,
اسکوپولتین,
زبان‌گنجشک,
چکیده مقاله :
زبان گنجشک (Fraxinus excelsior L.)، گونه ای جنگلی با فعالیت های همه جانبه بیولوژیکی و دارویی است که از عصاره اندام های مختلف آن به‌عنوان الگویی برای ساخت ترکیبات جدید در درمان بیماری های مختلف انسان استفاده می شود. در این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی چگونگی تاثیرپذیری خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی این گونه جنگلی از شرایط محیطی، چهار رویشگاه پرچینک، امره، الندان و قارن سرا با حدود ارتفاعی 200 تا 1400 متری، در حوزه آبخیز تجن و سیاهرود در استان مازندران انتخاب شدند. در هر رویشگاه نمونه های پوست از سه درخت (تکرار) در فصل تابستان برداشت شد. استخراج عصاره‌‌ها به روش خیساندن با اتانول صورت گرفت. مهم ترین ترکیبات شیمیایی عصاره‌‌ها با استفاده از کروماتوگراف گازی متصل به طیف‌سنج جرمی مورد شناسایی قرار گرفت و مشخصه های فیزیکو شیمیایی خاک نیز اندازه گیری شد. مقادیر مهم ترین ترکیبات شناسایی شده شامل بنزن - اتانول (33/30- 35/51 درصد)، دی- آلوز (20/6- 72/31 درصد)، اسکوپولتین (65/14- 83/26 درصد)، تیروزول - استات (37/5- 06/9 درصد)، کارواکرول (0-93/4 درصد)، هومو وانیل - الکل (84/3- 53/6 درصد) در چهار رویشگاه مورد نظر با افزایش ارتفاع افزایش یافت که با عناصر غذایی پرمصرف خاک رابطه منفی مشاهده شد. در این میان تنها پلی فنول تیروزول-استات رفتاری متفاوت از سایر ترکیبات داشته به نوعی که با عامل ارتفاع از سطح دریا رابطه منفی و با مقادیر کربن و فسفر قابل جذب خاک همبستگی مثبت نشان داد. نتایج حاکی از تاثیرپذیری ترکیبات شیمیایی پوست درخت از شرایط رویشگاهی است. با توجه افزایش میزان مواد موثره پوست در ارتفاعات بالاتر که طبعا باعث افزایش مقاومت گیاه در برابر پاتوژنها می شود، به نظر می‌رسد کاشت این گونه در ارتفاعات به منظور تامین اهداف چندگانه در جنگل کاری ها بازدهی بیشتری دارد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Fraxinus excelsior L. is a forest species with versatile biological and medicinal activities that its extracts are used as a model for making new compounds in the treatment of various human diseases. In this study, in order to investigate how the biochemical characteristics of this forest species are affected by environmental conditions, four habitats of Perchink, Amreh, Alandan and Qarnsara with an altitude of 200 to 1400 meters, were selected in Tajan and Siahroud watersheds located in Mazandaran province. In each habitat, skin samples were taken from 3 trees (repeated) in summer. Ethanol extracts were obtained by maceration and were analyzed by GC/MS and the physical and chemical properties of the soil samples were measured. The most important compounds of extracts were included: benzeneethanol (30.33-51.35%), d-allose (6.20-31.72%), scopoletin (14.65-26.83%), tyrosol acetate (5.37-9.06%), carvacrol (0-4.93%), homovanillyl alcohol (3.84- 6.53%) which increased with increasing altitude. Also, there was negative relationship between the identified compounds and soil nutrients. Among them, only polyphenol tyrosol acetate behaved differently from the other compounds in a way that showed a negative relationship with the altitude factor and a positive correlation with the amount of carbon and absorbable phosphorus in the soil. Also, the chemical composition of d-allose was not observed in Perchink habitat. These results were showed that the chemical properties of this tree skin are affected by habitat conditions, which caused increases the species' resistance to pathogens. As a result, considering that the amount of active ingredients in this species was higher at higher altitudes and the presence of these compounds increases the resistance to pathogens, it seems planting this species is more productive at higher altitudes to achieve multiple goals in afforestation.
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Ali Ahyaei, M., and Behbahanizadeh, A.A. 1993. Description of soil chemical decomposition methods. Research Organization. Agricultural education and promotion. Soil and Water Research Institute. 467P (In Persian).
Acebey, A., Kromer, T., Maass, B.L. and Kessler, M. 2010. Ecological distribution of potentially useful species of Araceae and Bromeliaceae as non- timber forest products in Bolivia. Jornal of Biodiversity Conservation, 19: 2553-2564.
Alizadeh Banouti, R., Rostami shahraji, T. and Mohebi bijarpas, M. 2017. An investigation on the Fraxinus excelsior plantation under different situations of physiography (Case Study: Dooleychal, Masouleh, Guilan province). 70(3): 422-430.
Attanzio, A., D'Anneo A., Pappalardo, F., Paolo Bonina, F., Antonia Livera, M., Allegra, M. and Tesoriere, L. 2019. Phenolic composition of hydrophilic extract of Manna from Sicilian Feaxinus angustifolia and its reducing, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. Jornal of Antioxidants, 8:1-13.
Akter, K., Park, W.S., Kim, H., Khalil, A.A. Kh., and Ahn, M. 2020. Comparative studies of Fraxinus species from Korea using microscopic characterization, phytochemical analysis, and anti-lipase enzyme activity. Journal of Plants, 9: 1-18.
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Bernini, R., Carastro, I., Santoni F. and Clemente, M. 2019. Synthesis of lipophilic esters of tyrosol, homovanillyl alcohol and hydroxytyrosol. Journal of Antioxidants, 8:1-9.
Cleary, M., Andersson, P., Broberg, A., Elfstrand. M., Daniel, G. and Stenlid, J. 2014.Genotypes of Fraxinus excelsior with different susceptibility to the ash dieback pathogen Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus and their response to the phytotoxin viridiol–A metabolomic and microscopic study. Jornal of Phytochemistry, 102: 115-125.
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