مستندسازی علمی و بررسی اتنوبوتانیکی گیاهان دارویی منطقه مانه و سملقان خراسان شمالی

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی

پویا آروین ¹ , رعنا فیروزه ²

1 - استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
2 - دکتری،گروه زیست شناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/09/21 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/11/10 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/03/13

کلید واژه: خراسان شمالی, اتنوبوتانی, گزارش استفاده (UR), شاخص فراوانی نسبی ثبت (RFC), شاخص اجماع مطلعین (ICF),

چکیده مقاله :

اتنوبوتانی یا قوم گیاه‌شناسی، دانشی مبنی بر مستندسازی اطلاعات غیرمکتوب سنتی به‌منظور بهره‌برداری بهینه از منابع و حفاظت مؤثر از تنوع زیستی و اطلاعات فرهنگی می‌باشد. با توجه به تنوع پوشش گیاهی و تجربیات کهن استفاده های دارویی آن در استان خراسان شمالی، در سال 1399 مطالعه‌ای جهت اتنوبوتانی گیاهان دارویی منطقه مانه و سملقان انجام گرفت. اطلاعات مربوط به جنبه های مختلف گیاهان از قبیل خواص دارویی و مصارف سنتی، نحوه استفاده و زمان جمع آوری نمونه‌های گیاهی از افراد بومی منطقه، با تهیه پرسشنامه و در قالب مصاحبه حضوری و مشاهده مشارکتی گردآوری شد. نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد، از تعداد 106 گونه گیاه دارویی، 18 گونه به تیره نعنائیان (Lamiaceae) تعلق داشته و پس ‌از آن تیره‌های آفتابگردان (Asteraceae) با 17 گونه و تیره چتریان (Apiaceae) با 12 گونه در رتبه‌های بعدی قرار گرفتند. گونه دارویی‌ شیرین‌بیان[1] با 385 گزارش جهت رفع مشکلات گوارشی و تنفسی، گیاه کاسنی[2] با 366 گزارش به منظور درمان بیماری های گوارشی و پوستی و گیاه پنیرک[3] با 358 گزارش با هدف درمان بیماری های عمومی و تنفسی به‌ترتیب بالاترین میزان شاخص گزارش استفاده (UR[4]) را نشان دادند. همچنین گیاه‌ شیرین‌بیان با 98/0، کاسنی با 95/0 و آویشن با 93/0 به‌ترتیب بیشترین میزان شاخص فراوانی نسبی ثبت (RFC[5]) را نیز به خود اختصاص دادند. ازنظر فرم زیستی 48 گونه همی کریپتوفیت، 21 گونه فانروفیت، 17 گونه تروفیت، 12 گونه کامفیت و 8 گونه ژئوفیت در منطقه شناسایی شد. یافته های این تحقیق نشان می دهد که اطلاعات اتنوبوتانیکی مردم این منطقه می تواند زمینه مناسبی برای شناسایی اثرات درمانی جدید گیاهان، استفاده بهتر از گیاهان دارویی و فرآورده های آن ها را فراهم آورد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Ethnobotany or botanical ethnography is the knowledge of documenting of traditional unwritten information in order to make optimal use of resources and effeectively protect of biodiversity and cultural information.Due to the diversity of vegetative cover in North Khorasan province and also many traditional and scientific sources, a study in 2020 was carried out to identify the medicinal plants of Maneh and Semelghan regions and use of the knowledge and experience of the indigenous people  to introduce the properties and unknowns dimension of medicinal plants. Information about various aspects of plants such as traditional uses and how to use and sampling time of plants by preparing a questionnaire in the form of face-to-face interview and participatory observation were collected from experienced natives. The results of the present study showed that out of 106 species of medicinal plants, 18 species belonged to the Lamiaceae family, followed by the Asteraceae family with 17 species and the Apiaceae family with 12 species respectively. Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) with 385 reports to relieve digestive and respiratory problems and Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) with 366 reports for treatment of digestive and skin diseases and Mallow (Malva sylvestris L.) with 358 reports to treat systematic and respiratory diseases showed the highest Use of Report, respectively. Also Glycyrrhiza glabra with 0.98, Cichorium intybus with 0.95 and Thymus transcaspicus with 0.93 had the highest rate of Relative Frequency of Citation index, respectively. In terms of biological form, 48 species of Hemicryptophytes, 21 species of Phanerophytes, 17 species of Therophytes, 12 species of Chameophytes and 8 species of Geophytes were identified in the region. The findings of this study show that the ethnobotanical information of the people of this region can provide a good basis for identifying the new therapeutic effects of plants, better use of medicinal plants and their products.

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