بررسی تغییرات خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی (.Matricaria recutita L ) تحت تاثیرمحلول‌پاشی عناصر آهن، روی، منگنز و مس

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی

سعید یوسف زاده ¹

1 - پیام نور

تاریخ دریافت : 1397/10/05 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/05/20 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/06/01

کلید واژه: اسانس, بابونه, ریز مغذی و عملکرد,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور بررسی اثر محلول‌پاشی آهن، روی، منگنز و مس بر تعدادی از صفات مورفولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی بابونه آزمایشی به صورت طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار در سال 1396 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه پیام نور مرند اجرا گردید. تیمارها شامل :شاهد، محلول پاشی سولفات آهن، روی، منگنز و مس بودند. نتایج نشان داد محلول‌پاشی بر تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه تاثیر معنی‌دار داشت. کاربرد عناصر ریز مغذی تاثیر مثبتی بر ویژگی‌های مورد مطالعه گیاه در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد داشت. بیشترین ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه گل‌دهنده، تعداد گل در بوته، عملکرد گل خشک، وزن خشک کل، شاخص برداشت، میزان کلروفیل، درصد و عملکرد اسانس از محلول‌پاشی آهن بدست آمد. میزان کلروفیل کل به واسطه کاربرد عناصر ریزمغذی به طور معنیداری در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد افزایش یافت. محلول‌پاشی آهن در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد عملکرد اسانس را بیش از دو برابر افزایش داد. بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد اسانس (93/1 و 9/0 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به ترتیب از کاربرد تیمار‌های محلول‌پاشی آهن و تیمار شاهد بدست آمد. محلولپاشی با آهن عملکرد گل خشک گیاه (383 کیلوگرم در هکتار) را بیش از 30 درصد در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد (63/258 کیلوگرم در هکتار) افزایش داد. عدم محلول پاشی با عناصر ریز مغذی در گیاهان تمامی صفت مورد مطالعه را کاهش داد. در کل نتایج نشان داد محلول‌پاشی عناصر ریزمغذی بویژه آهن می‌تواند عملکرد کمی و کیفی گیاه بابونه را بهبود داده و به عنوان یک راهکار مدیریتی مناسب جهت دستیابی به عملکرد مطلوب مورد استفاده قرا بگیرد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In order to investigation of effect of iron, zinc, manganese and copper on morphological and phytochemical traits of Matricaria recutita L, an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications during 2017 on the Research Field of Payam Noor University of Marand. Experimental treatments consisted of control, foliar application of iron, zinc, manganese, and copper. Results showed that foliar application had significant effect on all studied traits. Application of micronutrients had positive effect on studied traits compared to control treatment. The highest values of plant height, number of flowering branch per plant, number of flower per plant, yield of dry flower, total dry weight, harvest index, chlorophyll content, essential oil percent and essential oil yield were gained of foliar application of iron. The total chlorophyll content increased significantly due to the application of micronutrient elements compared to control treatment. Foliar application of Fe more than twice increased essential oil yield compare to control treatment. The highest and the lowest essential oil yield (1.93 and 0.9 kg/ha) was gained in application of Fe and control treatments respectively. Foliar application of iron treatment (383 kg/ha) increased yield of dry flower percent up to 30% compare to control treatment (258.63 kg/ha). Non application of micronutrients decreased all of the studied traits in plants. In general, results showed that foliar application of iron can be improved quantitative and qualitative yield of Matricaria recutita L. which could be used as a suitable management strategy for reach to optimum yield.

منابع و مأخذ:

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