ارزیابی تنوع برخی از خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فعالیت آنتیاکسیدانی اسانس جمعیتهای خودرو گیاه دارویی ،Heracleum persicum Desf. ex Fischerدر شمال غرب ایران
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی
1 - 2استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
2 - دانشآموخته کارشناسیارشد گیاهان دارویی، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
کلید واژه: اسانس, شمال غرب ایران, گلپر, آنتیاکسیدانی, تنوع مورفولوژیک,
چکیده مقاله :
گیاه دارویی گلپر (Heracleum persicum)متعلق به تیره چتریان می باشدکه در طب سنتی به عنوان ادویه و طعم دهنده غذا، تهیه ترشی و همچنین ضد کرم، ضدنفخ، اشتها آور، مدر و مسکن استفاده می شود.به منظور اصلاح و اهلی سازی این گیاه تنوع مورفولوژیکی هشت جمعیت از مناطق مختلف ایران (اهر، کلیبر، مارمیشو، سیلوانا، گردنه حیران، اسالم، آینالو، مشکین شهر) مورد مطالعه و ارزیابی قرار گرفت.در تنوع مورفولوژیک 16 صفت برای طبقه بندی جمعیت ها بر اساس تجزیه خوشه ای و تجزیه به مولفه های اصلی (PCA) ارزیابی شد. شاخص های فیتوشیمیایی شامل درصد اسانس و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی (روش های DPPH و FRAP) نیز در جمعیت ها ارزیابی شد. بدین منظور بذرهای کاملاً رسیده گیاه در مرداد ماه 1394 از رویشگاه های طبیعی آن جمع آوری گردید و اسانس به روش تقطیر با آب (دستگاه کلونجر) استخراج شد. نتایج تجزیه خوشه ای، هشت جمعیت را در سه گروه اصلی قرار داد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین و کمترین درصد اسانس به ترتیب متعلق به رویشگاه آینالو و مشکینشهر (8/5 درصد) و سیلوانا (3 درصد) بود. همچنین بیشترین و کمترین فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی به روش DPPH و FRAP به ترتیب متعلق به ژنوتیپ مشکین شهر وگردنه حیران با میزان 09/67 درصد و 98/58(میکرومول آهن بر گرم وزن خشک) و آینالو و اسالم با میزان 30/47 درصد و 52/15 (میکرومول آهن بر گرم وزن خشک) بودند. با توجه به اینکه جمعیت مشکین شهر دارای بیشترین تعداد چتر ، درصد اسانس و عملکرد آنتی اکسیدانی بود، به عنوان ژنوتیپ برتر جهت انجام پروژه های اولیه اصلاحی و اهلی سازی و همچنین منبع با ارزش دارویی برای بازارهای محلی معرفی می شود.
Heracleum persicum Desf. Ex Fischer. Is belongs to Apiaceae family, which has been used as a spice and food flavor, pickles agent and anti-worm, carminative, appetizer, and diuretic properties in Iranian traditional medicine. Morphological variation among eight wild-growing populations of Heracleum persicum including Ahar, Kalibar, Marmishou, Silvana, Gardane hairan, Asalem, Aynalou, Meshkinshahr were studied in west North of Iran. In present work, 16 traits of this plant were applied for classifying samples by means of cluster and principal component analysis (PCA). Moreover phytochemical indices including essential oil (EO) % and antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP methods) were evaluated. The seed essential oil was obtained by water distillation (Clevenger apparatus), based on cluster analysis populations and were categorized in three groups. The results were showed that the highest and lowest percentage of essential oils was recorded in Aynalou and Meshkinshahr (5.8%) and Silvana (3 %) respectively. Also, the Maximum and the lowest antioxidant activity by DPPH and FRAP was belonged to Meshkinshahr and Gardaneheiran with 67.09% and 58.98 (µmol Fe++ /g DW) and Aynaloo and Asalem with 47.30 % and 15.52 (µmol Fe++ /g DW) respectively. Considering that the Meshkinshahr population with the highest antioxidant activity, maximum number of umbel and essential oil percentage, it was introduced as the elite genotype for priority projects of breeding and alsoas medicinally valuable source to local market consumption.
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