بررسی و مقایسه مورفولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی اسانس گیاه دارویی .Echium italicum L در رویشگاه‌های مختلف استان کردستان
محورهای موضوعی : اکولوژی محیطی
فرنوش صبوری
1
(کارشناس‌ارشد گیاهان دارویی، گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران)
براتعلی فاخری
2
(دانشیار گروه بیوتکنولوژی و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران)
عبدالرحمن رحیمیان بوگر
3
(دانشجوی دکتری گیاهان زینتی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران)
کلید واژه: اکوتیپ, اسانس, رویشگاه, کردستان, ارتفاع, گل‌گاوزبان ایتالیایی,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی مقایسه ای ویژگی های مورفولوژیکی و فیتو شیمیایی اسانس گیاه دارویی گل گاوزبان ایتالیایی (Echium italicum L.) آزمایشی به صورت طرح آشیانه ای در سه رویشگاه سنندج، مریوان و دیواندره استان کردستان در سه ارتفاع مختلف از هر رویشگاه در سال 1393 انجام گرفت. برای اندازه گیری شاخص های مورد نظر سرشاخه های گلدار گیاه از رویشگاه های طبیعی در اوایل تابستان برداشت شد. متغیرهای مورفولوژیکی شامل: ارتفاع بوته، وزن تر و خشک، طول و عرض برگ های ساده و رزت، فاصله میانگره، قطر ساقه، تعداد گل، قطر ساقه، تعداد برگ و تعداد شاخه فرعی و متغیرهای فیزیولوژیک شامل: شاخص کلروفیل، اندازه‌گیری عناصر NPK خاک، گل و برگ، عملکرد اسانس که با استفاده از روش تقطیر با آب طرح کلونجراستخراج، شناسایی ترکیبات تشکیل دهنده اسانس بااستفاده از دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی (GC/MS) و عملکرد موسیلاژ نیز با روش جداسازی توسط آب مقطر و رسوب دهی در اتانول 96 درصد مورد سنجش قرار گرفتند.داده ها به وسیله نرم افزار آماری SAS و با روش آنالیز LGM مقایسه میانگین ها انجام گرفت. نتایج مقایسه میانگین ها نشان داد که با افزایش ارتفاع از سطح دریا و به دنبال آن کاهش درجه، ارتفاع بوته، فاصله ی میانگره، قطر ساقه، تعداد برگ و درصد موسیلاژ و همچنین اسانس گیاه کاهش، در حالی که شاخص کلروفیل افزایش یافته است. ارتفاع از سطح دریا تاثیر معنی داری بر عملکرد اسانس دارد و بالاترین میزان اسانس در پایین ترین ارتفاع برای هر رویشگاه بدست آمد ، همچنین اکوتیپ سنندج در ارتفاع 1557 متری از نظر عملکرد اسانس (097/0 درصد)، از سایر اکوتیپ ها برتر بود. از ترکیبات غالب اسانس می توان به بورنئول، کامفور،کانوئیک متیل استرو کاندینون و... اشاره کرد.
In order to investigate the variation of morphological characteristics and essential oil composition of Echium ittalicum L., this study was carried out in nested plot design at three different heights with three habitats of Sanandaj, Marivan and Divandareh in Kurdistan province. Aerial parts of plant in flowering stage were collected in summer 2013 from different regions. The plant height, fresh and dry weight, simple and rosette leaf length and width, internodes length, stem diameter, number of flower, number of leaves and branches were evaluated as physiological characteristic and chlorophyll content, measuring elements NPK in the soil, leaves and flowers. Essential oil of plant samples were obtained by Distillation with distilled water (clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by GS/MS, the mucilage content were evaluated with distill water separation method and sedimentation by 96% ethanol. Results were showed that the shoot height, the internode length, stem diameter, leaf number and percentage of mucilage and essential oil decreased with the altitude increases and so decrease of temperature, while chlorophyll content increases. The borneol, comphene and hexadecanoeic acid methyl ester have been higher than other essential oil compounds and the highest essential oil yield obtained in Sanandaj ecotype at 1557 meters above sea level.
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