بررسی اثر ارتفاع رویشگاه بر کمیت و کیفیت مواد موثره اسانس پایه‌های نر و ماده گیاه Juniperus communis subsp. hemisphaerica در رویشگاه طبیعی آمل

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی

علی روستائی فر ¹ , عباس حسنی ² , فاطمه سفیدکن ³

1 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گیاهان داروئی، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه،ارومیه، ایران
2 - استاد گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
3 - استاد مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، تهران، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/01/04 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/05/31 تاریخ انتشار : 1397/03/01

کلید واژه: اسانس, آمل, آلفا-پینن, ارتفاع محل, سابینن, سرو پیرو,

چکیده مقاله :

سرو پیرو (Juniperus communis L. ssp. hemisphaerica) درختچه‌ای دوپایه و متعلق به تیرة سرو (Cupressaceae) است که به‌طور خودرو در کوه های البرز در شمال ایران رویش دارد. اسانس این گیاه دارای خواص درمانی در افسردگی، روماتیسم، اسپاسم، نفخ، دیابت، اشتهاآور و مدر می‌باشد. در این تحقیق به منظور بررسی اثر ارتفاع محل بر ویژگی های کمی و کیفی اسانس پایه های نر و ماده گیاه سرو پیرو، سرشاخه های گیاه در تابستان سال 1390 از دو ارتفاع 2200 و 2700 متری از سطح دریا جمع آوری گردید. عمل اسانس گیری به روش تقطیر با آب و با استفاده از دستگاه کلونجر انجام گردید و سپس ترکیبات اسانس با استفاده از دستگاه‌های گازکروماتوگرافی (GC) و گازکروماتوگرافی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) شناسایی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که محتوی اسانس گیاه در هر دو ارتفاع، در سرشاخه های پایه های نر (85/2-74/2 درصد) بیشتر از پایه های ماده (59/2-20/2 درصد) بوده است. تجزیه و شناسایی ترکیب های تشکیل‌دهنده اسانس ها نشان دادند که آلفا-پینن و سابینن اجزاء غالب شناسایی شده در اسانس بودند. بیشترین مقدار آلفا-پینن (81/48 درصد) و سابینن (47/44 درصد) در ارتفاع 2200 متری و به ترتیب در پایه های نر و ماده مشاهده گردید. همچنین مونوترپن ها عمده ترین گروه ترکیبات شناسایی شده در اسانس ها بودند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Juniperus communis L. ssp. hemisphaerica is a dioeciously wild growing shrub, which is belonged to Cupressaceae family and could found in the Alborz Mountain in north of Iran. The essential oil of Juniper is used as anti-depressant, anti-rheumatic, anti-spasmodic, carminative, antidiabetic, appetizer and diuretic properties. In this research the effects of altitude on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the essential oil in different gender of this plant was investigated. The aerial part of different gender were harvested from two altitudes (2200 and 2700 m) in summer 2011. The essential oils were extracted by hydro distillation and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The results were showed that the foliage of male plants in both altitude contained higher oil content (2.74%-2.85%) than the female plants (2.20%-2.59%). The α-pinene and sabinene were the main components of essential oils in both foliages, but the highest amount of α-pinene (48.81%) and sabinene (44.47%) were observed in 2200 m in both foliage's, respectively. Monoterpenes were the main compounds, which identified in these essential oils.

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