بررسی کمیت و کیفیت مواد موثره اسانس شش گونه از جنس Thymus در مرحله گلدهی

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی

زهرا کریمی دستگردی ¹ (دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران)
سعداله هوشمند ² (استاد، گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران)
عبدالرحمن محمدخانی ³ (دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/04/28 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/09/01 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/09/11

کلید واژه: اسانس, تیمول, کارواکرول, آویشن (Thymus),

چکیده مقاله :

آویشن گیاهی معطر متعلق به تیره نعنا که به‌دلیل سنتز متابولیت‌های ثانویه تیمول و کارواکرول مصارف گسترده دارویی دارد. این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی اجزای اسانس و عملکرد اسانس شش گونه از آویشن: T. daenensis، T. kotschyanus، T. migricus، T. vulgaris، T. transcaucasicusوT. trautvetteriiدر قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1394 در دانشگاه شهرکرد انجام گرفت. سر‌شاخه‌های گلدار گونه‌ها در مرحله گلدهی کامل از فاصله پنج سانتی‌متری سطح خاک برداشت و به روش تقطیر با آب (طرح کلونجر) اسانس‌گیری و ترکیب‌های تشکیل دهنده اسانس توسط دستگاه GC/MS شناسایی گردید. نتایج تجزیه واریانس تاثیر معنی‌دار (05/0p<) تیمار بر روی حجم و وزن اسانس نشان داد. آویشن باغی ازبیشترین مقدار حجم اسانس (28/0 میلی‌لیتر) و وزن (27/0 گرم) برخوردار است. مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد که گونه T. trautvetterii دارای بیشترین بازده اسانس (1/1درصد)، بیشترین میزان درصد حجمی اسانس متعلق به گونه T. migricus و معادل 02/1 بود. با بررسی ترکیبات اسانس بیشترین مقدار پارا-سیمین (46/19 درصد) وگاما- ترپینن (17/14 درصد) متعلق به گونه T. vulgaris، بیشترین میزان تیمول (43/60 درصد) در گونه T. daenensis، کارواکرول (95/6 درصد) در گونه T. kotschyanus و ژرانیول (38/41 درصد) در گونه T. trautvetterii مشاهده گردید. در حالی‌ که بیشترین بازده تولید ترکیب‌های اسانس در گونه T. kotschyanus (52/98 درصد) مشاهده شد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Thymus L. is an aromatic plant are belonging to the Lamiaceae family based on the synthesis of secondary metabolites widely used for medicinal purposes thymol and carvacrol. The current study aimed at evaluating the quantity and quality of essential oil composition in six species of Thymus: T. daenensis, T. kotschyanus, T. migricus, T. vulgaris, T. transcaucasicusand T. trautvetterii. The experiment was done in a randomized complete block design with three duplications in 2016 in Shahrekord University. Flowering branches in 100% flowering stage within a distance of five centimeters soil surface and water distillation (Clevenger apparatus), were analyzed by GC/MS (p< 0.05). treatments on weight and essential volume  indicated. T. vulgaris   was the highest volume (0.28 ml) and weight of essence (0.27 gr). The comparisons were showed that the T. trautvetterii has the highest yields (1.1 precent) and highest volume percent of oil in T.migricus and was equivalent to 1.02 ml/gr. ρ-cymene (19.46%) and γ-terpinene (14.17%) were the abundant components of T. vulgaris, thymol (60.4 %) was the highest in T. daenensis, carvacrol (6.95%) in T. kotschyanus and geraniol (41.38%) was the most in T. trautvetterii. The highest output combined was observed in T. kotschyanus (98.52%).  

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