بررسی تأثیر زمان برداشت بر رنگ، کمیت و کیفیت اسانس گیاه دارویی Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch (مطالعه موردی: گردنه قوشچی در استان آذربایجان غربی)

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی

فاطمه نژادحبیب وش ¹ ( اﺳﺘﺎدﯾﺎر ﮔﺮوه ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ، ﻣﺮﮐﺰ آﻣﻮزش ﻋﺎﻟﯽ ﺷﻬﯿﺪ ﺑﺎﮐﺮی ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺪوآب، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه اروﻣﯿﻪ، اروﻣﯿﻪ، آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن ﻏﺮﺑﯽ، اﯾﺮان )
حسن مهدوی کیا ² ( استادیار گروه گیاهان دارویی، مرکز آموزش عالی شهید باکری میاندوآب، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، آذربایجان غربی، ایران. )
سمیرا توفیق ³ ( گروه گیاهان دارویی، مرکز آموزش عالی شهید باکری میاندوآب، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، آذربایجان غربی، ایران. )
مجید علیمحمدیان ⁴ ( مرکز آموزش عالی شهید باکری میاندوآب، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، آذربایجان غربی، ایران )
گیتی امیرفتحی ⁵ ( دانشکده منابع طبیعی ، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، آذربایجان غربی، ایران )
شاداب پناهی ⁶ ( کارشناس، گروه گیاهان دارویی، مرکز آموزش عالی شهید باکری میاندوآب، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، آذربایجان غربی، ایران. )

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/07/03 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/02/23 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/09/01

کلید واژه: ارومیه, آذربایجان غربی, فنولوژی, اسانس, اوکالیپتول, بومادران (Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch.),

چکیده مقاله :

بومادران (Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch.)، متعلق به تیره Asteraceae می‌باشد. این گیاه به‌طور وسیعی در رویشگاه‌های مختلف ایران یافت می‌شود و برای درمان بیماری‌های مختلف مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد. در این تحقیق، سرشاخه‌های گیاه در سه مرحله مختلف قبل گلدهی (اردیبهشت)، گلدهی (خرداد) و پس از آن (تیرماه) از رویشگاه طبیعی آن در سال 1395، از منطقه قوشچی (ارومیه) در استان آذربایجان غربی جمع‌آوری گردید. نمونه اسانس‌ها با استفاده از دستگاه تقطیر با آب (طرح کلونجر) استخراج و مواد موثره نمونه‌ها با استفاده از دستگاه کروماتوگراف گازی (GC) و دستگاه کروماتوگراف گازی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی ((GC/MS شناسایی گردید. نتایج نشان داد در زمان‌های مختلف برداشت علاوه بر تغییر رنگ و بازده اسانس، کمیت و کیفیت مواد موثره اسانس‌ها نیز متغیر است. ترکیبات کامفور (5/57 درصد) و کامفن (56/8 درصد) از بیشترین مقدار خود در فاز قبل از گلدهی گیاه گزارش شدند و پس از گلدهی از میزان آنها کاسته شد ولی بالعکس ترکیبات اوکالیپتول (18/13 درصد)، بورنئول (91/18 درصد)، بی سیکلو-هپتان (43/0 درصد) و توجون (35/15 درصد) در مرحله پایان گلدهی به بالاترین مقدار خود می رسد. آنالیز یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که اسانس گیاه در مراحل مختلف رشد و نمو از کمیت و کیفیت متفاوت مواد موثره برخوردار است و به تناسب با آن از عملکرد متفاوت دارویی نیز برخوردار خواهد بود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch.  belongs to Asteraceae family, is widely found in different regions of Iran and used for treatment of different diseases. In this research, apical shoots of Achillea wilhelmsii at three different developmental stages includingvegetative (May), flowering (June) and end of flowering (July) stages were collected from natural habitat in 2016 from Qushchi region (Urmia) in West Azerbaijan peovince. Essential oil were obtained by water - distillation method (Clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The results were showed that at different harvest times, the color, yield and the quality and quantity of essential oils were also different.  The camphor (57.5%) and camphene (8.56%) were the main components of plant essential oil at the before flowering stage and their amount were reduced after flowering stage. In contrast, the eucalyptol (13.18%), borneol (18.91%), bicyclo heptanes (0.43%) and thujane (15.35%) had the highest amount at the end of flowering stage. Analysis of results were showed that plant essential oils have active ingredients of different quality and quantity at various growth stages and accordingly will have different pharmaceutical effects.    

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