بررسی تنوع مورفولوژیکی، محتوای فنل و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی جمعیت‌های مختلف گونه‌های Nepeta nuda و Nepeta crassifolia در رویشگاه‌های استان‌های‌ اردبیل و آذربایجان شرقی

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی

رسول نریمانی ¹ , محمد مقدم ² , عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی ³ , دانیال شکوهی ⁴

1 - دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.
2 - دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
3 - گروه کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.
4 - کارشناس‌ارشد گروه بیوتکنولوژی و به نژادی گیاهان زراعی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/02/19 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/07/23 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/09/01

کلید واژه: آنتی‌اکسیدان, فنل کل, صفات مورفولوژیکی, پونه‌سای, جمعیت‌های مختلف,

چکیده مقاله :

جنس نپتا (Nepeta L.) متعلق تیره نعناعیان (Lamiaceae)، حاوی گونه‌های مختلف یک‌ ساله و چندساله می‌باشد که در نقاط مختلف آسیا، اروپا و شمال آفریقا یافت می‌شوند. این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی تنوع مورفولوژیکی، محتوای فنل و خاصیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی 6 جمعیت متعلق به دو گونه Nepeta nuda و Nepeta crassifolia در تابستان 1394 در دو استان اردبیل و آذربایجان شرقی انجام شد. نمونه‌برداری در زمان گلدهی صورت گرفت. صفات مورفولوژیکی شامل ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی، طول و عرض برگ، تعداد گره، طول گل‌آذین، طول میانگره و طول شاخه فرعی بود. عصاره متانولی به روش خیساندن، میزان فنل با روش فولین - سیکالتو و میزان فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی عصاره‌ها با استفاده از ظرفیت مهار رادیکال های DPPH انجام پذیرفت. آزمایش به‌صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 3 تکرار و مقایسه‌ میانگین داده ها‌ با استفاده از آزمون LSD در سطح احتمال 5 درصد انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد در گونه Nepeta crassifoliaجمعیت 1 (رضی) به لحاظ صفات مورفولوژیکی بر دیگر جمعیت های این گونه برتری داشت. بیشترین فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی با (96/74 درصد) و فنل کل (88/9 میلی‌گرم معادل گالیک اسید در هر گرم وزن‌تر) در بین جمعیت های این گونه به‌ترتیب مربوط به گل و برگ جمعیت 3 (گردنه حیران) بود. همچنین در مورد گونه Nepeta nuda بیشترین ارتفاع بوته، طول و عرض برگ، تعداد گره مربوط به جمعیت 6 (مشکین شهر) و بیشترین فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و میزان فنل کل در برگ و گل این‌ گونه به‌ترتیب در جمعیت های 5 (هریس) و 4 (مشکین- هریس) مشاهده گردید. به‌طورکلی در بین دو گونه بیشترین فنل کل و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی در جمعیت 3 (گردنه حیران) متعلق به گونه Nepeta crassifolia بود. به نظر می رسد ارتفاع از سطح دریا تاثیر به سزایی در افزایش محتوای فنلی و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی جمعیت ها داشت. جمعیت های 1 و 6 از هر دو گونه گیاهی از نظر صفات مورفولوژیک مورد ارزیابی، مطلوب بوده به‌طوری‌که دربرنامه های اصلاحی و اهلی کردن، این جمعیت‌ها می توانند مورد توجه قرارگیرند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Nepeta L., belongs to Lamiaceae family, is containing different annual and perennial species which are found in different parts of Asia, Europe and North Africa. In order to evaluate the morphological diversity, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between 6 populations of Nepeta nuda and Nepeta crassifolia, the aerial parts of these plants in flowering stages were collected in summer 2015 from Ardabil and east Azerbaijan provinces. The morphological traits included plant height, number of sub-branches, leaf length and width, number of nodes, inflorescence length, internode length and length of sub-branch were measured. Methanolic extract were obtained by maceration, phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalto method and antioxidant activity were measurement DPPH radical scavenging capacity method, respectively.  The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with 3 replications and the comparison of data average was done by LSD test at 5% probability level. Results  were showed that the first population (Nepetacrassifolia - Razi) was superior in morphological characteristics compared to other populations of this species. The highest antioxidant activity (74.96%)and total phenolic content (9.88mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of fresh weight), was obtained from the leaves and flowers of population 3 (Heyran), respectively. Maximum plant height, leaf length and width, number of nodes were observed in population 6 (Meshkin) of Nepeta nuda and also the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content were perceived in leaves of population 5 (Heris) and flowers of population 4 (Meshkin-Heris), respectively. Generally the most total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between two species were observed in population 3 (Heyran) which is belong to the Nepeta crassifolia. It seems that the height of sea level had significant effect on populations phenolic content and antioxidant activity. So the populations of 1 and 6, which both species were desirable at evaluated morphological traits so that these populations can be considered in breeding and domestication programs.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Adiguzel, A.H., Ozer, H., Sokmen, M., Gulluce, M.E., Sokmen, A., Kilic, H., Sahin, F. and Baris, O. 2009. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil and methanol extract of Nepeta cataria. Polish Journal of Microbiology, 58(1): 69-76.


2. Ali, T., Javan, M., Sonboli, A. and Semnanian, S. 2012. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the essential oil of Nepeta crispa Willd. in experimental rat models. Natural Product Research, 26(16): 1529-1534.


3. Ali, T., Javan, M., Sonboli, A. and Semnanian, S. 2012. Evaluation of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oil of Nepeta pogonosperma Jamzad et Assadi in rats. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20(1): 48.


4. Bernath, J. 2001. Strategies and recent achievements in selection of medicinal and aromatic plants. In International Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Possibilities and Limitations of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant, 576: 115-128.


5. Bertome, J., Isabel Arrillage, M. and Segura, J. 2007. Essential oil variation whit in and among natural population of Lavandula latifolia and its relation to their ecological areas. Biochem. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 35(8): 479-488.


6. Buchholz, G., Ehmann, B. and Wellmann, E. 1995. Ultraviolet light inhibition of phytochrome-induced flavonoid biosynthesis and DNA photolyase formation in mustard cotyledons (Sinapis alba L.). Plant Physiology, 108(1): 227-234.


7. Corticchiato, M., Tomi, F., Bernardini, A.F. and Casanova, J. 1998. Composition and infraspecific variability of essential oil from Thymus herba barona Lois. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 26(8): 915-932.


8. Dajić-Stevanović, Z., Šoštarić, I., Marin, P.D., Stojanović, D. and Ristić, M. 2008. Population variability in Thymus glabrescens Willd. from serbia: morphology, anatomy and essential oil composition. Archives of Biological Sciences, 60(3): 475-483.


9. Fraga, B.M., Hernández, M.G., Mestres, T. and Arteaga, J. 1998. Abietane diterpenes from Nepeta teydea. Phytochemistry, 47(2): 251-254.


10. Friedman, J.M., Auble, G.T., Shafroth, P.B., Scott, M.L., Merigliano, M.F., Freehling, M.D. and Griffin, E.R. 2005. Dominance of non-native riparian trees in western USA. Biological Invasions, 7(4): 747-751.


11. Gairola, S., Shariff, N.M. and Bhatt, A. 2010. Influence of climate change on production of secondary chemicals in high altitude medicinal plants: Issues needs immediate attention. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(18):1825-1829.


12. Hadian, J., Hossein Mirjalili, M., Reza Kanani, M., Salehnia, A. and Ganjipoor, P. 2011. Phytochemical and morphological characterization of Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad populations from Iran. Chemistry and Biodiversity, 8(5): 902-915.


13. Hemati, K.H., Omidbeigi, R. and Bashiri Sadr, Z. 2003. Effect of climate and harvest time on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of flavonoids of citrus varieties. PhD Thesis, Submitted to Modares University.


14. Hohtola, A. 2007. Northern plant as a source of bioactive products. In: Taulavuori and Tauravuori (eds.) Physiology of Northern Plants under changing environment. Res. Signpost India, 291-307.


15. Jaakola, L. and Hohtola, A. 2010. Effect of latitude on flavonoid biosynthesis in plants. Plant, Cell &Environment, 33(8):1239-1247.


16. Jaakola, L., Määttä-Riihinen, K., Kärenlampi, S. and Hohtola, A. 2004. Activation of flavonoid biosynthesis by solar radiation in bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) leaves. Planta, 218(5):721-728.


17. Jamzad, Z., Grayer, R.J., Kite, G.C., Simmonds, M.S., Ingrouille, M. and Jalili, A. 2003. Leaf surface flavonoids in Iranian species of Nepeta (Lamiaceae) and some related genera. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 31(6):587-600.


18. Kalinova, J. and Vrchotova, N. 2011. The influence of organic and conventional crop management, variety and year on the yield and flavonoid level in common buckwheat groats. Food Chemistry, 127 (2): 602–608.


19. Karimi, E., Ghasemnejad, A., Hadian, J., Akhundi, R. and Ghorbanpour, M. 2014. Evaluation of morphological diversity and essential oil yield of Satureja mutica Fisch. & CA Mey. populations growing wild in Iran. Journal of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology,18(1):7-16.


20. Khadivi-Khub, A., Salehi-Arjmand, H. and Hadian, J. 2014. Morphological and phytochemical variation of Satureja bachtiarica populations from Iran. Industrial Crops and Products, 54(3):257-265.


21. Mejia, L.A., Hudson, E., Gonzalez de Mejia, E. and Vasquez, F. 1988. Carotenoid content and vitamin A activity of some common cultivars of Mexican peppers (Capsicum annuum) as determined by HPLC. Journal of Food Science, 53(5):1448-1451.


22. Moon, J.H. and Terao, J. 1998. Antioxidant activity of caffeic acid and dihydrocaffeic acid in lard and human low-density lipoprotein. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46(12):5062-5065.


23. Mozaffarian, V.A. 2006. Dictionary of Iranian Plant Names: Latin - English - Persian. 4th Ed. Farhang Moaser. Tehran. 360 p.


24. Nasibi, F., Kalantari, K. and Rashidi, M. 2003. Investigation of change in morphological and physiological parameter induced by UV-A, UV-B and UV-C of ultraviolet radiation in colza seedling (Brassica napus). Research and Reconstruction, 16(3):97-103.


25. Nikkhah, A.H., Hoseini, B., Gosta, Y. and Fatahi, M. 2017. Effect of height and phonological stages on phytochemical properties and antioxidant activity of medicinal plant (Ferulago angulate Boiss.) From Dena Highlands. Quaternary Ecophytochemistry of Medicinal Plants, 17(1):16-29.


26. Omidbaigi, R. 2000. Approaches to production and processing of medicinal Plants. Publication Designers city. Mashhad. Volume 1. Second Edition. 281 p. (In Persian)


27. Omidbaigi, R. 2005. Production and processing of medicinal plants. Tehran University. 283p. (In Persian)


28. Parnbam, M.J. and Kesselring, K. 1985. Rosmarinic acid. Drugs of the Future, 10(9): 756-757.


29. Pharsi, M. and Bagheri, A. 1988. Principles of Plant Breeding. Publishers (SID), Mashhad, 230 p. (In Persian)


30. Singleton, V.L. and Rossi, J.A. 1965. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16(3):144-158.


31. Srivastava, A.W. and Shym, S. 2002. Citrus: climate and soil. Int. Book Distributing Company. 559 p.


32. Tajali, A.A. and Khazaeipool, M. 2012. Effects of height and organs on flavonoids of Crataegus microphylla C. Koch in Iran. International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), 2(7):54-58.


33. Takeda, Y., Matsumoto, T., Ooiso, Y., Honda, G., Tabata, M., Fujita, T., Otsuka, H., Sezik, E. and Yesilada, E. 1996. Nepeta cilicioside, a new iridoid glucoside from Nepeta cilicia. Journal of Natural Products, 59(5):518-519.


34. Takeda, Y., Ooiso, Y., Masuda, T., Honda, G., Otsuka, H., Sezik, E. and Yesilada, E. 1998. Iridoid and eugenol glycosides from Nepeta cadmea. Phytochemistry, 49(3): 787-791.


35. Tepe, B., Daferera, D., Tepe, A.S., Polissiou, M. and Sokmen, A. 2007. Antioxidant activity of the essential oil and various extracts of Nepeta flavida Hub.-Mor. from Turkey. Food Chemistry, 103(4):1358-1364.


36. Tosserams, M., Sa, A.P. and Rozema, J. 1996. The effect of solar UV radiation on four plant species occurring in a coastal grassland vegetation in The Netherlands. Physiologia Plantarum, 97(4):731-739.


37. Wichtl, M. 1989. Teedrogen. Stuttgart: Wissen schaftliche Verlagsgesell schaft mbH. 405-407.


38. Yildirim, M.B., Budak, N. and Arshad, Y. 1996. Factor analysis of yield and related traits in bread wheat. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 1(1): 11-15.


39. Zhou, M., Chen, Y., Quyang, Q., Liu, S.X. and Pang, Z.J. 2000. Reduction of the oxidative injury to the rabbits with established atherosclerosis by protein bound polysaccharide from Coriolus vesicolor. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 28(2):239-249.